[PDF] Top 20 Structure and function of the esophagus of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

... the esophagus (Gans and Clark, 1976; Reese, ...the esophagus (Reese, 1915). Whereas a contribution of the alligator diaphragmaticus to LES pressure seems unlikely, it cannot be ruled ...the ... See full document

... The American alligator is an ideal model system for elucidating the mechanism of vocal production in basal ...excised alligator larynx (Müller, 1839) and confirmed by subglottal pressure and airflow ... See full document

... Chronic exposure to SW did not significantly change the overall morphology of lingual glands. The only parameter altered between FW and SW alligators was a longer length of the pore from the surface of the tongue to the ... See full document

... of alligator rib mobility found little motion in the dorsal intracostal joint (Moritz and Brainerd, 2013), and so these anatomically tripartite ribs may be functionally bipartite, with the intermediate and ... See full document

... picked American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) as my model organism because I assumed that RVD would be well developed in cells that are exposed to a variety of extracellular ...is, ... See full document

... the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) during high ...does Alligator partition the roles of body mass support, braking and propulsive effort, and mediolateral stability ... See full document

... Vascular response to sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine Embryonic alligators exhibited the typical ‘adult’ vascular responses to SNP, a receptor-independent vasodilator, and PE, a receptor-dependent vasoconstrictor. ... See full document

... A pneumotach, which also functioned as a mask, was made using 2·cm of a 5·ml syringe. Two ports were drilled into the side to attach polyethylene tubing (PE190). Stainless steel mesh (size 200 mesh) was placed between ... See full document

... physiologic function may also have been a critical environmental factor during the course of vertebrate ...physiological function of extinct animals ... See full document

... muscles function to expand the posterior abdomen to make space for the caudal displacement of the viscera as a result of the action of the diaphragmaticus ...young American alligators rotate ventrally ... See full document

... Inferences of the evolutionary history of the crocodilian diaphragmaticus will be strengthened with further studies of similar muscles that have been convergently acquired because convergent evolution is one of the most ... See full document

... While embryonic mass was lowered in the H10 group, the effects of this level of hypoxia were manifested differently among the organ systems. Heart mass in H10 embryos was similar to that of the N21 embryos at 80% and 90% ... See full document

... It has been suggested that the reduced reliance on atrial function is a key innovation in the evolution of the endothermic heart in birds and mammals (Burggren et al., 2014). Our finding that the atria play a ... See full document

... Circular cross-correlation of the original MLS stimulus and the probe- microphone recordings were used to calculate the acoustic impulse responses for each ear and each location (Koka et al., 2011; Rife and Vanderkooy, ... See full document

... the alligator literature, various terms for this structure can be found, such as Stimmband (Henle, 1839) or Labien (Müller, 1839) in the German literature, or vocal cord and/or fold (Reese, 1915) in the ... See full document

... the alligator hindlimb but they are not ...some alligator hindlimb muscles may not be well understood until their actions have been measured in a wide range of behaviors that more completely sample the ... See full document

... of alligator ChT in the plasma is depressed; however, at temperatures above 30˚C, the activity remains high (Figure ...potential function of this elevated internal body temperature during ... See full document

... A. mississippiensis and other taxa? In both ...A. mississippiensis, the mediolateral component of the ground reaction force is small relative to the vertical component and the net ground reaction force is ... See full document

... fertile American alligator eggs (N24 and 13, respectively) were obtained from the Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge (RWR) in Grand Chenier, LA, USA, and transported by air- freight to the University of ... See full document

... possible function as cal- cium storage during oogenesis (Hutton 1986; Tucker ...of Alligator mississipiensis Daudin, 1802 fe- mora was given by Lee ... See full document