The elasticities of achievement scores with respect to family income are substantially higher for children of black families, and there are some notable differences in elas-

In terms of raw test scores, simple calculations based on the numbers in table 1 show that black students lose some ground relative to whites between the fall of kindergarten and

The current evidence implicating school race segregation is stronger than the available research on the effects of school segregation by social class, although the specific

One reason that researchers studying test score gaps do not control for permanent income is that the data requirements are onerous: Child achievement measures are rarely available

The most obvious source of concern with the results in Table 3 is that there are unobserved differences in the latent abilities of black and white students in different cities

But with regard to the measures of a names socio- economic status, both sets of results are stronger, with “Damarcus” estimated to be 1.9 percentage points less likely to be

The effect of the overall fraction of black students in a city (row 3) is small and insignificantly different from zero, indicating that black-white participation gaps do not

Point estimates represent difference between average white and average black mean log-earnings of predicted education for whites conditional on test score for each

4 Without controlling for school fixed effects blacks lose .243 standard deviations in math and .343 in reading compated to whites between fall of kindergarten and spring of

Our analysis focuses on two important margins: Changes in the relative income distributions of black and white families and narrowing of the test score gap between black and

A one standard deviation increase in average white prejudice at the state level widens the black-white self-employment rate gap in low contact occupations by between

In terms of raw test scores, simple calculations based on the numbers in Table 1 show that Black students lose some ground relative to Whites between the fall of kindergarten and

Under reasonable assumptions with respect to the effects of age and sex, data collected by the NORC GSS since the mid-1970s suggest a sixty-five-year trend toward convergence

Combining the demographic trends of White flight and with the additional movement of the Black middle class out of inner city school districts with the local funding structure

*MNI – Man-Nature Orientation (reflects passive & negative consumption behavior) Reference: 中国消费者行为报告 (2005), 盧泰宏..

The gap between the regular and the black market wage rates widens with the regular tax rate and narrows with the penalty rate, the probability of detection and the degree of

In particular, this report assesses whether neighborhood poverty experienced during childhood helps to explain the “mobility gap” between black and white Americans that recent

For instance, we find a pro- portionally larger increase in the labor force participation of young single black women with children and low educated young black women for more