Î? 31 See Appendix II, where the edited prayers in FrR have been

collated with those of OP, and see Chapter Three, Part 3, where this

proposal is carried out. |

32. Verona Biblioteca Capitolare, Cod.XCII (87) has entries in the hand of Pacificus; Rasmussen, Lea Pontificaux. 455 and n.13; M. Andrieu, Lea "Ordines Romani** du Haut Moven Ace. 1(1931), 367-373.

33. The analogy is not quite accurate; the question should be raised whether FrR's fragmentary state would not have originally included other office material; see Chapter Three, Part 3.

34. F. Unterkircher and K, Gamber, edd., Das Kol1ektar-Pontifikale des Bischofa Baturlch von Regensburg (817-848) (1962); see also book review by E.J. Lengeling in Theologische Revue. 59(1963), 192-195.

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35. Cf., vigil of the Nativity, FrB 1;:GrH 34=sc; Nativity, FrB

6::GrH 40=pc, FrB 7::GrH 48=po; Annunciation of BVM, FrB 31::GrH

142=80, FrB 32;:GrH 143=pc. |

36. Unterkircher and Gamber, Das Kollektar-Pontif ikale. 41-42,n.1; Lengeling review, 192, where he cites a collectar-pontifical of Arezzo (Oxford, Bodl. Litur., 359), an

'Abtpontifikale und Festkollektar* from Compiegne (Paris, B.N. lat. n. acq. 2358), and another from Saint-Vaast (Arras 702); Rasmussen, Les Pontificaux. 457,n.23, notes the combination of a pontifical with a collectar in the Pontifical of Freiburg, ed. M.J. Metzger, Zwel Karollngische Pontificalien vom Oberrhein (Freiburg i Br., 1914).

37. Rasmussen, Les Pontificaux. 386, cites reservations expressed by Lengeling, Theologische Revue, and by K. Amon in

Liturgisches Jahrbuch 13(1963), 255-256, and also more hesitantly by | Unterkircher and Gamber, Das Kollektar-Pontifikale. 6.

38, Unterkircher and Gamber, Das Kol1ektar-Pontifikale. 39-44, esp.42; Rasmussen, Les Pontificaux. 457; see also B. Bischoff, Die Sudostdeutschen Schreibschulen und Bibliotheken in der Karolingerzeit: Die Bavrischen Diozesen. 1 (3rd edn., 1974), 177, for assessment of reforms initiated by Baturich.

39. Unterkircher and Gamber, D_as Kollektar-Pontif ikale. 41, also mention the Missale Francorum, the Freiburg Pontifical and

Donaueschingen Ms.192, as further examples. f

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40. FrB 452::DR 587, for ad barbas tondendas (p.97); FrB 457::DR 585, for postquam tonsorati est sea'tur ora* (p.96); FrB 498a-501::DR 609, for Gonsecratio [uirginisl (pp. 104-105). DR numbers refer to my enumeration, which is to be published separately. Reference? to the pages in Lindelof's edition of the DR are given in parentheses.

41. Unterkircher and Gamber, fias Kollektar-Pontif ikale. 43; Bischoff Die Sudostdeutschen Schreibschulen. 177, has established connections between St. Emmeram and Fulda through Baturich, monk of St. Emmeram, who studied for some time at Fulda, and Baturich's

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friendship with Hrabanus Maurus. Bischoff has suggested that Baturich sent one of his monks to study under Hrabanus at Fulda, see esp. 179.

42. Bischoff, Die Sudostdeutschen Schreibschulen. 177, 218.

43. Rasmussen, Les Pontificaux. 386, citing K, Amon Liturgisches Jahrbuch 13 (1963), 255-256. But Unterkircher and Gamber, Das Kollektar-Pontifikale. 42, have argued that Baturich had the book made specifically to carry from one church to another; and this possibilty, however unlikely, must be considered.

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fer vi and sab in quinquagesima correspond to the Lenten season in the Hadrianum: FrB 30::GrH 154=cl, Canut de ieiuniis: FrB 36::GrH 198=ao, sabb, i|i quadragesima.

45. P. Siffrin, ed., ’Der Collectar der Abtei Prum im neunten Jahrhundert,’ Miscellanea Liturgica in honorem L. Cunibert Mohlberg. 2, (Si 23, 1949), 223, 234-5: ’hat so manche Beruhrungspunkte mit dem spateren Liber canitularis Stephans von longern.’ But Siffrin admitted that a comparison with the three later English oollectars had not yet been done. This collation has now been made and the following discussion is based upon its findings. Due to limited space, the results have not been printed here; I am willing to produce the data on request.

46. A. Dold, ’Die Zurcher und Peterlinger Messbuch-Fragmente’, Text und Arbeiten 25(1934), xxxii, and n.2; ’Liber de diuinis officiis,' PL 101(1863), col.1251.

47. The Annunciation is supplied with two collects for first Vespers (FrP 21-22) and two collects for Matins, FrP 23-24. The Purification has only three: first Vespers (FrP 18), the post euangelium (FrP 19), and Matins (FrP 20).

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44. FrB 26:;GrH 787=cl, Dorn III de Aduentu; FrB 27::GrH 801=ao,

XII lectiones de Aduentu: FrB 28::GrH 263=sp, Quattuor Coronati: FrB ^ 29::GrH 547=ao, XII lectiones in Pentecostem. The FrB collects for |

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48. The Purification post euangelium (FrP 19) t 'Concede qs dne ds nr ut qui genetricis filii tui sollempnia celebramusj eius intercessione et ab omnibus liberemur adversis et perennibus gaudiis inseremus. Per eundem dnm nrm. ’

49. (St. John) FrP 9::DC 310:îLf 28=v1::Wp 138?=v1. (Holy Innocents) FrP 12::DC 317::Lf 32=m::Wp 1408=m. (St. Paul) FrP 41::DC 384::Lf 200=v1::Wp 1506=v1.

50. FrP (rubric) no,20,a::Lf 217=v1::1527=v1. FrP (rubric) no.20.b::Lf 218=m::Wp 1531=m(variants), FrP (rubric) no.20.c;:Lf 2l8=t::Wp 1536=t. This feast day is missing in DC.

51. The chapters may or may not have preceded the collects of the Prum collectar in its original form.

52. Siffrin, Mlsoellanea Liturgica. 226, correctly dates the hymnal which Blume had ascribed to the tenth century to c.860 on account of the script and the inclusion of a hymn attributed to Wandalbert in 860, for Sts. Chrysanthus and Daria whose relics were translated to Prim from Rome in 836. But W. Haubriches, Die Kultur der Abtei Prum zur Karolingerzeit (1979), 162-163, dates the translation to 844 and the composition of the hymn to 850, citing Analecta Hvmnica 51, no.149. Gneuss, Hvmnar. 49,n.26, still attributes it to the tenth century, presumably relying on Blume's mistaken dating.

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53. Gneuss, Hymnar. 49, and n.26.

54. Siffrin, Miscellanea Liturgica. 226.

55. Siffrin, ibid, 225. P. Batiffol. History of the Roman Breviary (trans., 1912), 74-75, cites the description of Gerbert's ’Anonymous Liturgist' for the reading before Compline as an extension of the evening meal recitation and is accordingly read in the refectory. But this reading is considered to be an archaic rite, which ceased to be practised under the reforms of Amalarius. Its occurrence here provides another indication of the date of these particular entries, predating his reforms of 811-3.

56. Siffrin, Miscellanea Liturgica. 233, has interpreted the ^

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feasts of St. John's Passion and St. Bartholomew as evidence for a 1 Gallican influence; but surely these feasts are a product of the

supplemented Hadrianum, some copy of which must have been the main source of FrP.

57. Siffrin, ibid. 224; Haubrichs, Die Kultur der Abtei Prum. 67—68.

58. Siffrin, ibid. 235; only a Prum calendar dating to 820 and probably written at Metz survives from this period. M. Keuffer, Beschreibendes Verzeichnis der Handschriften der Stadtbibliothek zu Trier. 4 (1900) may offer more information on the Prum books now

preserved at Trier.

59. Siffrin, Miscellanea Liturgica. 226; Haubrichs, Die Kultur der Abtei Prüm, 67, notes that the extent of the Norman devastation at Prum in 892 would have occasioned the addition of the dedication prayers there instead of Trier; but on liturgical grounds, the years before 900 are premature for attributing a full office composition.

60. Siffrin, ibid. 237.

61. Regino dies in 915; Haubrichs, Die Kultur der Abtei Prmn. 68, has established relations between Regino and Stephen of Liege (d. 920).

62. Ed. C. Mohlberg, Liber capitularis (Melanges d'histoire offerts â Ch. Moeller, 1914), 350-360. A semi-diplomatic edition with interpreted (due to the near-senseless meaning of some of the Latin passages) and translated versions appear in Appendix III. The preface survives in only one copy, (Cologne, Stadtarchiv Ms GB 4*" 174, ff.166rb-l67ra) in a late fourteenth-century Gothic cursive script from the hand of a Cologne monk, who interpolated Stephen's preface into a copy of Radulph of Rivo's 'Liber de officiis ecclesiasticis' (ff.156r-170v) at the place where Radulph gives an account of Stephen's book, see note 67 below. Radulph's text is preceded in the manuscript by Henricus de Bitterfeld's 'Tractatus de horis canonicis' (ff. 151r-154v), and verses for the canonical hours and for the dead

(f.155rv). Following an empty page after Radulph's conclusion are an anonymous tract 'Informatic ad quendam clericum de modo vivendi' (ff,172r-174r) and Rodolphus de Gravia's De infernalibus nequiciis caelestibus' (f.174v). The entire manuscript is a miscellany of monastic tracts and liturgical texts. See J. Vannesbusch, Die Theologischen Handschriften des Stadtarchivs Koln. 2 (1980), 190-195.

fî

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63. Note possibility of book-borrowing in the ninth century between Metz and Prum/Trier in M. Keuffer, Beschreibendes Verzeichnis

der Handschriften der Stadtbibliothek zu Trier. 4 (1900); see also * Haubrichs, Die Kultur der Abtei Prum. 67.

64. W.H. Frere, The Leofric Collectar Compared with the Collectar of St. Wulfstan. 2 (HBS. 56, 1921), xxiv-xxv; and Hohler,

'Some Service-Books,' 70. A. Dold, 'Uberreste eines verschollenen Liturgiebuches — eines Liber Capitularis — aus der Palimpsest-Handschrift S 366 der Bonner üniversitâtsbibliothek,' Jahrbuch fur Llturgiewissenschaft 3(1923), 58-59, relates Stephen's book to Lf and also to a third, a late twelfth-century collectar from the monastery of St. Ludger at Werden an der Ruhr, Bonn Ms Palimpsest-S 366 [=Wrd]. But Siffrin, 'Collectare von Werden a. d. Ruhr, ' Jahrbuch fur Liturgiewissenschaft, 6(1926), 231, has refuted the link between Wrd 'und den englischen Collectaren.'

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65. A. Auda, L'Ecole musicale liégeoise m siècle.,. Etienne dfi. Liège (1923), esp,37ff. As regards the Holy Trinity offices, D.A. Bullough is not so categorical, arguing that ninth-century manuscripts contain 'Alcuinian* material, composed either by Alcuin or by his circle of pupils (which Bullough thinks more likely). It is possible that Stephen had reorganized this older material for his more sophisticated compositions of the tenth century. For the Cuthbert offices, see Kohler's proposal in 'Some Service-Books,' 70, and n.36.

66. Literally, Stephen has asked for Robert's general approval, 'que...tibi solidanda committo' (ed., Mohlberg, Liber capitularis. 358; ed. Appendix III of this thesis, 3, 7 [trans.]); but it is to be assumed that this would result in a general dissemination of the text, a fact which the later chroniclers have confirmed, see note 67 below.

67. Folcuin (d. 990), 'De gestis abbatum laubiensium,’

137(1879), C.18, col.559; Anselm of Liège (d. 1056), 'Gesta episcoporum leodiensium,' ed. R. Koepke, MGH. Scriptores, 7(1846), C.20, 200; Sigebert of Gembloux (d. 1112), 'Liber de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis,' ^ 160(1880), c.125, col.573-574; Radulph of Rivo (d.

1403), 'De canonum observantia,' ed. C. Mohlberg, Radulph de Rivo

(1915), prop. 13; but Radulf Implies that the book did not circulate everywhere: 'Alemanni autem plures alium modum habent capitulandi. Nam Ipsorum multae ecclesiae in officiando habent sua propria capitula et orationes.,.,' reprinted in Mohlberg, Liber capitularis. 356.

68. Ed. Mohlberg, Liber capitularis. 357J ed. In Appendix III

[trans.]. |

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69. The late fourteenth-century scribe, whose copy of Stephen’s preface is unique, has superimposed Roman numerals over the incipit of each of the titles, placing some doubt over whether or not the numerical ordering was an original feature of Stephen's overall plan.

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70. Auda, L'Ecole musicale liegeoise. 30-35; Mohlberg, Liber

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capitularis. 350. ï

71. A remarkable similarity exists in the prefaces to Stephen's 'Liber capitularis* and to Walafrid Strabo's 'De Exordiis'. I have prepared a full table of the parallel texts, of which there are six

important examples. Two are cited here: (Stephen) 'ipsorum cura

i

fathers]::(Strabo) 'diligenti examinatione discussa' [after having run through them in a careful review]. (Stephen) 'repperi omnia nimia, ac propterea ut reor ab illis prorsus csnissa' [I found out all the inessential things and for that reason, I thirdc, completely neglected by them]::(Strabo) 'non a prioribus penitus omissa sed brevius, quam volueras' [not wholly emitted by the earlier writers but touched upon more briefly than you might want]. Liber capitularis. ed. Mohlberg, 357; see Appendix III, 2. 'De exordiis,' ed. V. Krause, MGH, Legum Sectio 2, Capitularia Regum Francorum, 2(1897), 475; trans. with commentary in A.L.H. Correa’s forthcoming thesis (see bibliography).

72. From the controversy of Dold and Siffrin over the relations between Wrd, Stephen’s book, and the English collectars (see note 64 above), one can conclude that the standard collectar-format rarely remained unadapted. See also the puzzle which a late eleventh-century collectar fragment (origins/prov. unknown) existing now in Stuttgart, W.L., Cod. Frgm. 13 [=8wl] presented to A. Dold, ’Ein merkwurdiges Liturgiefragment,’ Sacris Erudiri 4(1952), 285ff; he failed to understand the non-standard arrangement of ten chapters and nine collects for Passiontide. Cf. the knotty issue of DC’s provision of thirteen collects (and ng chapters!) for All Saints.

73. For an analysis of the liturgical text and its relationship to the DC, see below Chapter Four, Part 2. An extensive description can found in Catalogue Geiieral des Manuscrits des Bibliothèques Publiques de France, 38.i (1904), 363-367.

74. Deshusses, ’Sur quelques anciens livres liturgiques de Saint-Thierry, les étapes d ’une transformation de la liturgie,’ St. Thierry, une abbaye du vi*^au xx^siècle, ed. M. Sur (1979), 141, attributes Thi to early tenth century on remarks by Bischoff. See also Gy, RSPhTh. 452; F.M. Carey, ’The Scriptorium of Reims during the Archbishopric of Hincmar, 854-888,’ Classical and Medieval Studies in honor of E.K. Rand, ed. L.W. Jones (1968), (1938), 58; Ch. Samaran and R. Marichal, Catalogues des manuscripts en écriture latine, v (1965), 654. M-P Laffitte, La Bibliothèque et le scriptorium de Saint-Thierrv de Reims (970-1225) (unpubl. doctoral thesis, University of Paris, 1969), 177-178, continues to attribute

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Thi to late ninth century on paleographical grounds; and again in ’Esquisse d’une Bibliothèque Médiévale: le fonds de manuscrits de l ’abbaye de Saint Thierry,’ Saint-Thierrv. ed. M. Sur, 74. But if

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