Latitude Longitude Altitude Time Figure of merit b) Ground vector Track Ground speed
Rate of climb or descent c) Air vector
Heading Mach or IAS
Rate of climb or descent d) Projected profile
Next way-point
Estimated altitude at next way-point Estimated time at next way-point (Next + 1) way-point
Estimated altitude at (next + 1) way-point Estimated time at (next + 1) way-point e) Meteorological information
Wind speed Wind direction Temperature
Turbulence (if available) Humidity (if available) f) Short-term intent
Latitude at projected intent point Longitude at projected intent point Altitude at projected intent point Time of projection
If an altitude, track or speed change is predicted to occur between the aircraft’s current position and the projected intent point, additional information would be provided in an intermediate intent block as follows:
Distance from current point to change point Track from current point to change point Altitude at change point
Predicted time to change point
g) Extended projected profile (in response to an interrogation from the ground system)
Next way-point
Estimated altitude at next way-point Estimated time at next way-point (Next + 1) way-point
Estimated altitude at (next + 1) way-point Estimated time at (next + 1) way-point (Next + 2) way-point
Estimated altitude at (next + 2) way-point Estimated time at (next + 2) way-point [repeated for up to (next + 128) way-points]
14.4.2 The basic ADS data block shall be required from all ADS-equipped aircraft. Remaining ADS data blocks shall be included as necessary. In addition to any requirements concerning its transmission for ATS purposes, data block e) (Meteorological information) shall be transmitted in accor- dance with Annex 3, 5.4.1.
14.4.3 In addition to the above data blocks, other information shall be transmitted, including a block identifier, aircraft identification and 24-bit aircraft address.
15. Reporting of operational and meteorological information
15.1 When operational and/or routine meteorological information is to be reported by an aircraft en route at points or times where position reports are required in accordance with 14.1.1 and 14.1.2, the position report shall be given in the form of a routine air-report. Special aircraft observations shall be reported as special air-reports. All air-reports shall be reported as soon as is practicable.
15.2 When ADS is being applied, routine air-reports shall be made in accordance with 14.4.2.
15.3 Contents of routine air-reports
15.3.1 Routine air-reports transmitted by voice or data link, when ADS is not being applied, shall give information relating to such of the following elements as are necessary for compliance with 15.3.2:
Section 1.— Position information:
1) Aircraft identification 2) Position
3) Time
4) Flight level or altitude
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5) Next position and time over 6) Ensuing significant point
Section 2.— Operational information:
7) Estimated time of arrival 8) Endurance
Section 3.— Meteorological information:
9) Air temperature 10) Wind direction 11) Wind speed 12) Turbulence 13) Aircraft icing
14) Humidity (if available).
15.3.2 Section 1 of the air-report is obligatory, except that elements (5) and (6) thereof may be omitted when so prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreements. Section 2 of the air-report, or a portion thereof, shall only be transmitted when so requested by the operator or a designated representative, or when deemed necessary by the pilot-in- command. Section 3 of the air-report shall be transmitted in accordance with Annex 3, 5.4.2.
Note.— While element (4), flight level or altitude, may, in accordance with Part II, 14.2.1, be omitted from the contents of a position report transmitted by radiotelephony when so prescribed on the basis of regional air navigation agreements, that element may not be omitted from Section 1 of an air-report.
15.4 Contents of special air-reports
15.4.1 Special air-reports shall be made by all aircraft whenever the following conditions are encountered or observed:
a) severe turbulence; or b) severe icing; or
c) severe mountain wave; or
d) thunderstorms, without hail that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in squall-lines; or
e) thunderstorms, with hail that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in squall-lines; or
f) heavy duststorm or heavy sandstorm; or
g) volcanic ash cloud; or
h) pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic eruption.
Note.— Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this context means unusual and/or increasing volcanic activity which could presage a volcanic eruption.
In addition, in the case of transonic and supersonic flight: i) moderate turbulence; or
j) hail; or
k) cumulonimbus clouds.
15.4.2 When air-ground data link is used, special air- reports shall contain the following elements:
Message type designator Aircraft identification Data block 1: Latitude Longitude Pressure-altitude Time Data block 2: Wind direction Wind speed Temperature
Turbulence (if available) Humidity (if available) Data block 3:
Condition prompting the issuance of the special air-report; to be selected from the list a) to k) presented under 15.4.1 above.
15.4.3 When voice communications are used, special air- reports shall contain the following elements:
Message type designator
Section 1.— Position information
1) Aircraft identification 2) Position
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3) Time
4) Flight level or altitude
Section 3.— Meteorological information
5) Condition prompting the issuance of the special air- report, to be selected from the list a) to k) presented under 15.4.1 above.
15.5 Compilation and transmission of air-reports by voice communications
15.5.1 Forms based on the model AIREP/AIREP SPECIAL form at Appendix 1 shall be provided for the use of flight crew in compiling the reports. The detailed instructions for reporting as given at Appendix 1, shall be complied with. 15.5.2 The detailed instructions, including the formats of messages and the phraseologies given at Appendix 1 shall be used by flight crew when transmitting air-reports and by air traffic services units when re-transmitting such reports.
Note.— Increasing use of air-reports in automated systems makes it essential that the elements of such reports be transmitted in the order and form prescribed.
15.6 Recording of special air-reports of volcanic activity
15.6.1 Special air-reports containing observations of volcanic activity shall be recorded on the special air-report of volcanic activity form. Forms based on the model form for special air-reports of volcanic activity at Appendix 1 shall be provided for flight crews operating on routes which could be affected by volcanic ash clouds.
Note.— The recording and reporting instructions may conveniently be printed on the back of the special air-report of volcanic activity form.
16. Forwarding of meteorological information
16.1 When receiving ADS reports which contain a meteorological information block, air traffic services units shall relay the basic ADS and meteorological information blocks without delay to the world area forecast centres (WAFCs) and, as appropriate, to regional area forecast centres (RAFCs).
16.2 When receiving special air-reports by data link communications, air traffic services units shall forward them without delay to their associated meteorological watch office, the WAFCs and, as appropriate, to RAFCs.
16.3 When receiving air-reports by voice com- munications, air traffic services units shall forward them without delay to their associated meteorological watch offices. In the case of routine air-reports which contain a Section 3, the air traffic services unit shall forward Section 1, sub-items 1 to 3 and Section 3.
17. Air traffic incident report
17.1 An air traffic incident report should be submitted, normally to the air traffic services unit concerned, for incidents specifically related to the provision of air traffic services involving such occurrences as aircraft proximity (AIRPROX) or other serious difficulty resulting in a hazard to aircraft, caused by, e.g.: faulty procedures, non-compliance with procedures, or failure of ground facilities.
17.2 Procedures should be established for the reporting of aircraft proximity incidents and their investigation to promote the safety of aircraft. The degree of risk involved in an aircraft proximity should be determined in the incident investigation and classified as “risk of collision”, “safety not assured”, “no risk of collision” or “risk not determined”.
17.3 When an accident/incident investigative authority conducts an investigation of an aircraft proximity incident, the air traffic services aspects should be included.
Note.— A model air traffic incident report form together with instructions for its completion is at Appendix 4. Further information regarding air traffic incidents is contained in the
Air Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426).
18. Change of radiotelephony call sign for aircraft
18.1 An ATC unit may instruct an aircraft to change its type of radiotelephony (RTF) call sign, in the interests of safety, when similarity between two or more aircraft RTF call signs are such that confusion is likely to occur.
18.1.1 Any such change to the type of call sign shall be temporary and shall be applicable only within the airspace(s) where the confusion is likely to occur.
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18.1.2 To avoid confusion, the ATC unit should, if appropriate, identify the aircraft which will be instructed to change its call sign by referring to its position and/or level.
18.1.3 When an ATC unit changes the type of call sign of an aircraft, that unit shall ensure that the aircraft reverts to the call sign indicated by the flight plan when the aircraft is transferred to another ATC unit, except when the call sign change has been co-ordinated between the two ATC units concerned.
18.1.4 The appropriate ATC unit shall advise the aircraft concerned when it is to revert to the call sign indicated by the flight plan.
19. Procedures in regard to aircraft equipped with airborne collision
avoidance systems (ACAS)
19.1 The procedures to be applied for the provision of air traffic services to aircraft equipped with ACAS shall be identical to those applicable to non-ACAS equipped aircraft.
In particular, the prevention of collisions, the establishment of appropriate separation and the information which might be provided in relation to conflicting traffic and to possible avoiding action shall conform with the normal ATS procedures and shall exclude consideration of aircraft capabilities dependent on ACAS equipment.
19.2 When a pilot reports a manoeuvre induced by an ACAS resolution advisory, the controller shall not attempt to modify the aircraft flight path until the pilot reports returning to the terms of the current air traffic control instruction or clearance but shall provide traffic information as appropriate.
Note 1.— The ACAS capability of an aircraft will not normally be known to air traffic controllers.
Note 2.— Operating procedures for use of ACAS are contained in PANS-OPS (Doc 8168), Volume I, Part VIII, Chapter 3.
Note 3.— The phraseology to be used by controllers and pilots is contained in Part X, 3.1.2.
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PART III.
AREA CONTROL SERVICE
SEPARATION OF AIRCRAFT IN THE