A
Appppeennddiixx FF:: AAssssuummppttiioonnss TTeessttss ffoorr QQuuaannttiittaattiivvee DDaattaa
To assess the normal distribution of results, the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was run within the 24 subsets of data (experimental and control groups across 6 scales pre and post). All but 2 of the subsets returned non-significant results, thus meeting this assumption. Psychological Inflexibility Scores (Pre) for the control group achieved a significant result on the Shapiro-Wilk test at p = .00. Anger Inventory Scores (Post) for the control group also achieved a significant result on the Shapiro-Wilk test at p = .02.
To assess homogeneity of variance of results across conditions, Levene’s Test of Equality of Error Variances was run within the 12 subsets of data (6 scales pre and post). All but one of the subsets returned non-significant results, thus meeting this assumption. Disruptive Behaviour Scores (Pre) achieved a significant result on this test at p = .02. Field (2013) states that ANOVA is fairly robust if homogeneity of variance is violated if group sizes are equal, which they were in this subset.
As at least three conditions need to be present for sphericity to be an issue, Mauchly’s Test of Sphericity was not applicable.
Other-Report Questionnaire (SDQ)
To assess the normal distribution of results, the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was run within the 6 subsets of data (change scores for each of the scales). The Emotional Problems,
Prosocial Behaviour and Total Difficulties scales returned non-significant results, thus meeting this assumption. The Conduct Problems scale achieved a significant result on this test at p = .02. The Hyperactivity scale achieved a significant result on this test at p = .05. The Peer Problems scale achieved a significant result on this test at p = .02. However, as
previously noted, no outliers were detected in the data thus the decision to retain these scales was made.
A
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Pssyycchhoollooggiiccaall IInnfflleexxiibbiilliittyy SSccoorreess PPrree aanndd PPoosstt bbyy CCoonnddiittiioonn Outliers Check: P s ych ological Inf lex ib ili ty S co re (P R E ) P s ych o log ica l I nf lex ib ili ty S co re (P O S T )
Normal Distribution Check:
TTeessttss ooff NNoorrmmaalliittyy Experimental or Control
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Psychological Flexibility Score (PRE) Experimental .292 4 . .779 4 .070 Control .385 3 . .750 3 .000 Psychological Flexibility Score (POST) Experimental .188 4 . .973 4 .858 Control .240 3 . .975 3 .694
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Homogeneity of Variance Check:
LLeevveennee''ss TTeesstt ooff EEqquuaalliittyy ooff EErrrroorr VVaarriiaanncceessaa
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Psychological Flexibility Score
(PRE)
Based on Mean .380 1 5 .565
Based on Median .036 1 5 .857
Based on Median and with adjusted df
.036 1 2.012 .867
Based on trimmed mean .247 1 5 .640
Psychological Flexibility Score (POST)
Based on Mean 2.152 1 5 .202
Based on Median .932 1 5 .379
Based on Median and with adjusted df
.932 1 2.775 .411
Based on trimmed mean 2.060 1 5 .211
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Condition
B
Beecckk YYoouutthh IInnvveennttoorriieess ((BBYYII))
SSeellff--CCoonncceepptt IInnvveennttoorryy SSccoorreess PPrree aanndd PPoosstt bbyy CCoonnddiittiioonn Outliers Check:
Normal Distribution Check:
TTeessttss ooff NNoorrmmaalliittyy Experimental or
Control
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Beck Self Concept
Inventory Standard Score (PRE)
Experimental .289 4 . .814 4 .129
Control .207 4 . .982 4 .916
Beck Self Concept Inventory Standard Score (POST)
Experimental .306 4 . .778 4 .069
Control .245 4 . .897 4 .416
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Homogeneity of Variance Check:
LLeevveennee''ss TTeesstt ooff EEqquuaalliittyy ooff EErrrroorr VVaarriiaanncceessaa
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Beck Self Concept Inventory
Standard Score (PRE)
Based on Mean 3.284 1 6 .120
Based on Median 3.259 1 6 .121
Based on Median and with adjusted df
3.259 1 3.419 .157
Based on trimmed mean 3.283 1 6 .120
Beck Self Concept Inventory Standard Score (POST)
Based on Mean 1.615 1 6 .251
Based on Median 1.182 1 6 .319
Based on Median and with adjusted df
1.182 1 3.297 .350
Based on trimmed mean 1.608 1 6 .252
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Condition
A
Annxxiieettyy IInnvveennttoorryy SSccoorreess PPrree aanndd PPoosstt bbyy CCoonnddiittiioonn Outliers Check:
Normality of Distribution Check:
TTeessttss ooff NNoorrmmaalliittyy Experimental or Control
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Beck Anxiety Inventory
Standard Score (PRE)
Experimental .254 4 . .896 4 .410
Control .192 4 . .971 4 .850
Beck Anxiety Inventory Standard Score (POST)
Experimental .276 4 . .843 4 .205
Control .289 4 . .814 4 .129
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Homogeneity of Variance Check:
LLeevveennee''ss TTeesstt ooff EEqquuaalliittyy ooff EErrrroorr VVaarriiaanncceessaa
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Beck Anxiety Inventory
Standard Score (PRE)
Based on Mean 2.135 1 6 .194
Based on Median 1.628 1 6 .249
Based on Median and with adjusted df
1.628 1 4.391 .265
Based on trimmed mean 2.127 1 6 .195
Beck Anxiety Inventory Standard Score (POST)
Based on Mean 3.000 1 6 .134
Based on Median 2.842 1 6 .143
Based on Median and with adjusted df
2.842 1 5.096 .152
Based on trimmed mean 2.998 1 6 .134
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Condition
D
Deepprreessssiioonn IInnvveennttoorryy SSccoorreess PPrree aanndd PPoosstt bbyy CCoonnddiittiioonn Outliers Check:
Normal Distribution Check:
TTeessttss ooff NNoorrmmaalliittyy Experimental or Control
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Beck Depression Inventory
Standard Score (PRE)
Experimental .261 4 . .873 4 .309
Control .260 4 . .955 4 .746
Beck Depression Inventory Standard Score (POST)
Experimental .207 4 . .981 4 .908
Control .234 4 . .948 4 .702
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Homogeneity of Variance Check:
LLeevveennee''ss TTeesstt ooff EEqquuaalliittyy ooff EErrrroorr VVaarriiaanncceessaa
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Beck Depression Inventory
Standard Score (PRE)
Based on Mean .533 1 6 .493
Based on Median .457 1 6 .524
Based on Median and with adjusted df
.457 1 5.869 .525
Based on trimmed mean .540 1 6 .490
Beck Depression Inventory Standard Score (POST)
Based on Mean .295 1 6 .606
Based on Median .265 1 6 .625
Based on Median and with adjusted df
.265 1 5.274 .628
Based on trimmed mean .295 1 6 .607
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Condition
A
Annggeerr IInnvveennttoorryy SSccoorreess PPrree aanndd PPoosstt bbyy CCoonnddiittiioonn Outliers Check:
Normal Distribution Check:
TTeessttss ooff NNoorrmmaalliittyy Experimental or Control
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Beck Anger Inventory
Standard Score (PRE)
Experimental .260 4 . .912 4 .492
Control .261 4 . .909 4 .475
Beck Anger Inventory Standard Score (POST)
Experimental .240 4 . .953 4 .734
Control .397 4 . .721 4 .020
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Homogeneity of Variance Check:
LLeevveennee''ss TTeesstt ooff EEqquuaalliittyy ooff EErrrroorr VVaarriiaanncceessaa
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Beck Anger Inventory Standard
Score (PRE)
Based on Mean .736 1 6 .424
Based on Median .569 1 6 .479
Based on Median and with adjusted df
.569 1 4.605 .487
Based on trimmed mean .734 1 6 .425
Beck Anger Inventory Standard Score (POST)
Based on Mean 1.207 1 6 .314
Based on Median .093 1 6 .771
Based on Median and with adjusted df
.093 1 3.967 .776
Based on trimmed mean .918 1 6 .375
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Condition
D
Diissrruuppttiivvee BBeehhaavviioouurr IInnvveennttoorryy SSccoorreess PPrree aanndd PPoosstt bbyy CCoonnddiittiioonn Outlier Check:
Normality of Distribution Check:
TTeessttss ooff NNoorrmmaalliittyy Experimental or Control
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig. Beck Disruptive Behaviour
Standard Score (PRE)
Experimental .250 4 . .945 4 .683
Control .200 4 . .970 4 .840
Beck Disruptive Behaviour Standard Score (POST)
Experimental .207 4 . .958 4 .765
Control .217 4 . .978 4 .893
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Homogeneity of Variance Check:
LLeevveennee''ss TTeesstt ooff EEqquuaalliittyy ooff EErrrroorr VVaarriiaanncceessaa
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Beck Disruptive Behaviour
Standard Score (PRE)
Based on Mean 10.733 1 6 .017
Based on Median 9.763 1 6 .020
Based on Median and with adjusted df
9.763 1 3.034 .051
Based on trimmed mean 10.720 1 6 .017
Beck Disruptive Behaviour Standard Score (POST)
Based on Mean 1.333 1 6 .292
Based on Median 1.265 1 6 .304
Based on Median and with adjusted df
1.265 1 3.786 .327
Based on trimmed mean 1.333 1 6 .292
Tests the null hypothesis that the error variance of the dependent variable is equal across groups. a. Design: Intercept + Condition
SSttrreennggtthhss aanndd DDiiffffiiccuullttiieess QQuueessttiioonnnnaaiirree ((SSDDQQ)) Normal Distribution Check:
TTeessttss ooff NNoorrmmaalliittyy
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
EPS .283 4 . .863 4 .272 CPS .307 4 . .729 4 .024 HAS .333 4 . .763 4 .051 PPS .307 4 . .729 4 .024 PSS .250 4 . .945 4 .683 TDS .214 4 . .963 4 .798
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
A
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