This document was developed by Parsons International Limited. The document consultants would like to express their personal thanks and gratitude to:
Dr Parviz Djahani: For overall leading and steering of the project.
Dr. Salim Sulaiman (DoT Review Committee Lead): For his clear and thoughtful guidance throughout the development of PDM.
Willie Victor, For his time and support during the project progress.
Members of the DoT review Committee For their time and input to aid the development of the PDM.
All remaining stakeholders :For having shared their thoughts, comments and ideas to develop the PDM.
Parsons Staff:
• Dr. Rasin Mufti, Project Director
• Dr. Mohamed Elbasyouny, manual lead author
• Eng. Sohila Bemanian, maintenance author
• Eng. Keith Hixson, drainage author
• Dr. Walid Nassar, peer reviewer
• Eng. Ramesh Vishwakarma, rigid pavement author
• Gaylin Gardette, editor
• Ron Manns, editor
• Abdul Vasid, Cad designer
Page 14
Page 15
A PPENDIX A: COMPILED COMMENTS FROM D OT / STAKEHOLDERS
This appendix provides the comments received for the Pavement Design Manual draft final version by December 2012.
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
1 Bus stops Bus stop pavement area should be laid with bitumen modified red
colored asphalt wearing course.
M DOT-Public Transport
Division
Added to Roads Specification manual
2 Par 1.4 Content and Format Page 3 Chapter 8 - Flexible pavement maintenance: Change "offers" to
"Offers"
L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
3 Par 1.5.1Flexible pavements Page 4 In second paragraph change "contactors" to "contractors" L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment Reviewer
Corrected
4 Par 2.1 Overview Page 9 First paragraph. Careful study and characterization of these factors is … Change "is" to "are"
L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
5 Par 2.2 Environment Page 9 Environment includes a many variables…. Omit "a". L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
6 Figure 2-2 Page 12 Cannot read some rainfall figures H Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
7 Table 2-1 Page 12 Start table on next page to fit the whole table on 1 page M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
8 Paragraph 2.3.2 Vehicle classification
Page 16 Vehicle classifications on paragraph 3 should start with numbering 1 and not 7 to be similar to numbering in Figure 2-4 on page 17
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
9 Paragraph 2.3.10 Truck factor and Paragraph 2.3.11 Equivalent axle load factor
Page 21 and Page 22 These paragraps should be changed around because the method to calculate EALF used in equation 2-9 in paragraph 2.3.10 is only provided in paragraph 2.3.11
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
10 Paragraph 2.3.11 Page 22 Last sentence of first paragraph: "As an alternative method, can apply .." Add "designers" before "can apply"
L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
11 Chapter 3 Pavement Materials Page 25 Second paragraph. Add "a" to "Pavement is composed of .." L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment Reviewer
Corrected DDC Response Observations such as typographical errors which
may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
Organization Sub-Package Name: Geometry 2
Comments that will cause the document to be unacceptable.
Comments which require the document to be revised and resubmitted.
Package Name: Consolidated Comments Submitted to
DDC:
Pavement Design Manual
ACONEX Document No. of Interim Deliverable Reviewed:
Page 1 of 10
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
Observations such as typographical errors which may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
Organization Sub-Package Name: Geometry 2
Comments that will cause the document to be unacceptable.
Comments which require the document to be revised and resubmitted.
Package Name: Consolidated Comments Submitted to
DDC:
Pavement Design Manual
ACONEX Document No. of Interim Deliverable Reviewed:
12 Par 3.2.1 Empirical design for granular base and subbase materials
Page 28 Add "The AASHTO Road Test basis of these correlations is" to the second sentence of the second paragraph reading "A granular base of has a layer …" Refer to page II-17 and II-20 of 1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
13 Figure 3-1 Page 29 This figure copied from the AASHTO manual page II-19 should be revised so that the footers which include AASHTO manual references are not shown.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
14 Figure 3-1 page 29 The title of this figure is on the page following the figure and should be moved to the bottom of the figure on page 29
L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
15 Par 3.2.1 Empirical design for granular base and subbase materials
page 30 Add "In the AASHTO Road Test the basis of these correlations is" to the second sentence of the paragraph reading " Granular subbase has a base layer …" Refer to page II-20 of 1993 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
16 Figure 3-2 Page 31 This figure copied from the AASHTO manual page II-21 should be revised so that the footers which include AASHTO manual references are not shown.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
17 Par 3.2.2 Mechanistic design for granular base and subbase materials
Page 32 Change the last sentence of the third paragraph to: "The top half of Table 3-2 is applicable for granular material that has a CBR greater than 30%." Refer Table 6.4 on page 52 of Austroads manual.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
18 Par 3.3 modified granular materials Page 33 Last sentence of first paragraph : Change "stabilised" to "modified" in the sentence "Austroads specifies that stabilised granular materials
…". Refer page 53 Autroads Manual
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
19 Figure 3-3 Page 35 This figure copied from the AASHTO manual page II-23 should be revised so that the footers which include AASHTO manual references are not shown.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
Page 2 of 10
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
Observations such as typographical errors which may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
Organization Sub-Package Name: Geometry 2
Comments that will cause the document to be unacceptable.
Comments which require the document to be revised and resubmitted.
Package Name: Consolidated Comments Submitted to
DDC:
Pavement Design Manual
ACONEX Document No. of Interim Deliverable Reviewed:
20 Figure 3-4 Page 36 This figure copied from the AASHTO manual page II-24 should be revised so that the footers which include AASHTO manual references are not shown.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
21 Par 3.5.1 Empirical design for asphalt concrete materials
Page 38 Change the second paragraph to the following: "The structural coefficient of AC varies between 0.2 and 0.44 and AC with a layer coefficient of 0.44 (per inch), corresponds to an AC resiient modulus of 3.1 Gpa (450,000 psi)" Reference AASHTO manual page II-17
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
22 Par 3.5.2 Mechanistic design for asphalt concrete materials
Page 41 First bullet "… modulus of the bitumen…" Second bullet.
"…percentage bitumen in the asphalt.." Directly from Austroads manual page 71. This is the convention used in AAHTO and Austroads design manuals. In this design manual the authors used aphalt binder and asphalt concrete.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
23 Figure 3-7 Page 42 Change "asphalt" in title to "asphalt concrete". Refer Austroads figure 6.10 page 71
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
24 Figure 4-3 Page 55 Change "Foundatio" to "Foundation" and "Climat" to "Climate". Refer Austroads page 97.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
25 Par 4.2.2.3Determination of a granular base layer's elastic parameters
Page 58 First paragraph. Change "because" to "Because" L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment Reviewer
Corrected
26 Par 4.3.2 Empirical pavement design Page 61 Second parapraph. Reference is made to Appendix C for design traffic calculation procedure. Appendix C on page 202 contains AASHTO slab thickness design tables. Correct reference.
H Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
27 Par 4.3.3.2Determine required structural design
Page 67 First paragraph. "Refer to section X.". Provide correct reference H Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment Reviewer
Corrected
28 Par 4.3.3.2Determine required structural design
Page 67 - 69 Please provide reference to the design figures: Figure 6, Figure 4-7, Figure 4-8 and Figure 4-9. Could not be found in AASHTO or Austroads Design manuals
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
Page 3 of 10
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
Observations such as typographical errors which may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
Organization Sub-Package Name: Geometry 2
Comments that will cause the document to be unacceptable.
Comments which require the document to be revised and resubmitted.
Package Name: Consolidated Comments Submitted to
DDC:
Pavement Design Manual
ACONEX Document No. of Interim Deliverable Reviewed:
29 Par 4.3.4 Joint details Page 70 Change "joint" to "joints" in first paragraph L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
30 Par4.3.5.1Rigid pavement types Page 72 Third sentence of first paragraph. Change "LPCP" to "JPCP" L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment Reviewer
Corrected
31 Equation 4-10 Page 73 Provide details for the symbols used in equation as in Austroads manual page 127. Note that according to Austroads manual the maximum value for subgrade CBR determined according to this method is 15%.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
32 Equation 4-11 Page 74 Change "Designers shall use Equation 4-12.." to "Designers shall use equation 4-11.." in the line below the equation. Refer Austroads Manual page 130, equation 9.2
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
33 Equation 4-12 Page 74 Change title of Equation 4.12 to "Allowable axle load repitions when stress (Sr) is between 0.45 and 0.55." Refer Autroads manual page 130 equation 9.3
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
34 Equation 4-12 Page 75 Change "designers shall use Equation 4-13.." to "designers shall use equation 4-12.." in the line below the eqation. Refer Austroads Manual page 130, equation 9.3
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
35 Equation 4-13 Page 75 Change title of Equation 4-13 to: "Equivalent Stress for use in equations 4-11 and 4-12". Refer Austroads manual page 130
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
36 Par 4.4.3 Construction procedure Page 78 Recommend that the use of stabilised layers beneath interlock paver blocks be mentioned. Also bedding sand layer thickness of 50 mm might be changed to 25 to 50 mm.
L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Added
37 Par 4.4.4.1 Design factors Page 79 Change "The Four .." to "The four …" in the first paragraph L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment Reviewer
Corrected
38 Par 5.4.2 Functional evaluation of existing pavement
Page 93 In the third bullet change "Refer to table 4-1 .." to "Refer to Table 5-1 .."
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
Page 4 of 10
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
Observations such as typographical errors which may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
Organization Sub-Package Name: Geometry 2
Comments that will cause the document to be unacceptable.
Comments which require the document to be revised and resubmitted.
Package Name: Consolidated Comments Submitted to
DDC:
Pavement Design Manual
ACONEX Document No. of Interim Deliverable Reviewed:
39 Par 5.5.6 Mechanistic design Page 102 Reference should be made to Austroads Guide to Pavement Technology Part 5: Pavement Evaluation and Treatment Design
H Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
40 Par 8.4 Pavement preservation treatments
Page 144 Recommend that paragraph 8.5 Preservation Treatments be placed before Paragraph 8.4 Pavement preservation treatments. The reason being that the individual treatments mentioned in paragraph 8.4 are discussed in detail in paragraph 8.5.
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
41 Table 8-2: Pavement treatments and Table 8-3 Pavement treatment cost and expected life
Page 147 and page 148
Abbreviation "CIR" for cold in place recycling is used in comparison with pages 136, 137 and 155 where the abreviation "CIPR" is used.
Recommend change to "CIPR" in these tables.
L Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
42 Profile milling, cold in place recycling, Hot-in -place asphalt recycling, Full-depth asphalt repair (patching)
page 155 to page 157 These paragraphs should be numbered 8.5.2.6 ; 8.5.2.7; 8.5.2.8;
8.5.2.9 respectively
H Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
43 Hot -in-place asphalt recycling page 156 In the third paragraph mention is made of adding "bitumen". This is the Australian and American thermodology which is used worlwide. In this manual "bitumen" is called "asphalt".
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
44 Par 9.4 LCCA example page 171 The first line reads:"Figure 9-5 shows a step- by -step process…"
This is not correct because Figure 9-5 is a photo of a highway.
H Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
45 Appendix A: Developing Effective Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
page 185 The first paragraph says "This appendix provides an excerp from the 1993 American Association of State …" This exerp is not as on page ii-37 par 3.2.1 of the 1993 AASHTO manual. The reference should be corrected
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Corrected
46 Cited References page 220 Add Austroads: Guide to Pavement Technology, Part 5: Pavement Evaluation and Treatment Design. Synney Australia: Austroads Incorporated, 2008. 978-1-921551-22-2
M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Added
47 Glossary Glossary to be added M Johan Calitz Aurecon Docment
Reviewer
Added
Page 5 of 10
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
Observations such as typographical errors which may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
Organization Sub-Package Name: Geometry 2
Comments that will cause the document to be unacceptable.
Comments which require the document to be revised and resubmitted.
Package Name: Consolidated Comments Submitted to
DDC:
Pavement Design Manual
ACONEX Document No. of Interim Deliverable Reviewed:
1 Traffic Projections /2.3.6
Please include rational growth rate for major town (example Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, western region, any other major city area) based on the latest studies (steam model 2015etc) conducted by the transport agencies to enable the designer to have fair assumption to predict future traffic.
L Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
This is included in the traffic manual
2 Equivlent Axle load factor /2.3.11
IT will be better if we used Standard axel load from GCC truck manufacturing specification, or the truck weight that adopted by DOT to defined standard axel load that used in UAE. Also consider different type of busses and their standard axle load factor for each one seperately
L Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
PDM is general manual however, clients need to include local axles.
3 Modified granular material /3.3
Provide extract of the specification for modified granular material, percentage of cement, lime to be added, expected stiffness, indirect tensile strength, other properties etc.
M Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
added
4 Stabilized material /3.4.2
Provide Figure showing the relationship between indirect tensile strength, field stiffness of stabilized material with layer coefficient.
M Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
There are many relationships and none is recommended
Page 6 of 10
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
Observations such as typographical errors which may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
Organization Sub-Package Name: Geometry 2
Comments that will cause the document to be unacceptable.
Comments which require the document to be revised and resubmitted.
Package Name: Consolidated Comments Submitted to
DDC:
Pavement Design Manual
ACONEX Document No. of Interim Deliverable Reviewed:
5 Recycled Material /3.8
There is no Design guide line provided in the manual for the use of recycled pavement material for rehabilitation of pavement structure. In fact most part of the world these techniques have been adopted long ago. As the Abu Dhabi Emirates mandates to use sustainable design technique, the manual should have more emphasized on these techniques by providing design guideline, design example. Furthermore this chapter should be expanded by taking into consideration of case studies.
M Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
Added but more information is included in the specification manual
6 Recycled Material /3.9.4 Include Methodology for Cold In situ Recycling with
form bitumen, foamed asphalt mixes. M
Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
Added in the maintenance chapter
7 Interlocking Pavers Design
The manual does not provide guideline for heavy duty interlocking pavers design. The information provided under this section is bare minimum.
M Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
PDM is not entended for heavy duty such as in airport.
General guideline for regular interlocking pavers is given
8 Interlocking Pavers Design
Layer coefficient for, Concrete paver, sand bedding considered in the example (section 4.4.4.1, paragraph 3) is incorrect as per the table 4-3.Layer coefficient for sand bedding cannot be the same as Asphalt and table 4-3 does not provide layer coefficient for concrete paver as well.
H Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
reference added. However, this is an approximation that was recommended by ICPI
Page 7 of 10
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
Observations such as typographical errors which may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
Organization Sub-Package Name: Geometry 2
Comments that will cause the document to be unacceptable.
Comments which require the document to be revised and resubmitted.
Package Name: Consolidated Comments Submitted to
DDC:
Pavement Design Manual
ACONEX Document No. of Interim Deliverable Reviewed:
9 Unbound Granular material /6.3.2
The last paragraph of the above section states that the minimum CBR for the sub base is 65%.But sub base, CBR 60% material used in Al AIn , Similarly, Sub-base with CBR 30% used in Dubai. Therefore please provide reference to the above requirement to justify.
L Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
added
10 Pavement treatment cost and expected life The Manual should use the cost inputs based on the
local condition rather than referring to US condition. M
Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
Modified as possible
11 Pavement treatment cost and expected life The envinmental impact should be considered for the
cases, Alternatives 1 &2 L
Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
The proposed method does not include the envirnmental effect.
12 Cited references General Comment
The manual is more biased towards American Standards. The author did not refer important design guidelines adopted in the other developed countries standards. The Author should also refer other standards as well while compiling comprehensive documents.
Example .For heavy duty paving block design Author should refer BS 7533-1:2001 which provide comprehensive design guideline. Similarly, Recycle Asphalt pavement design (Cold in situ recycling/ Hot in place recycling as stated in the life cycle cost example) no design guideline provided. Author could have referred other standards adopted in the developed countries
M Al Ain
Municipality Al Ain Municipality
The manual covers Austrailian as well as American standards
Page 8 of 10
A14 Document Title: Deliverable
Ref: A14.12 Title of Interim
Deliverable: Second Draft Document
MAN-000540 Revision No: 3 Dated: #################### ACONEX Document No. of Approved Content Outline:
Geometry #################### Due Date for Initial Responses:
Priorities:
Observations such as typographical errors which may be corrected during next revision.
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's
No Subject Page / Section No Reviewer’s Comment Reviewer Reviewer's