Factor X to Factor V to Factor II to III Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular
ACT RAPID:
Arrhythmias (SVT, VT, VF) Congestive cardiac failure
Tamponade/ Thromboembolic disorders Rupture (ventricle, septum, papillary muscle) Aneurysm (ventricle)
Pericarditis
Infaction (a second one) Death/ Dressler's syndrome
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular Dr. Huw Davies
MI: sequence of elevated enzymes after MI Hi Yield [ID 589]
"Time to CALL 911":
From first to appear to last:
Troponin CK-MB AST LDH1
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular
Marco Foramiglio Centro de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas - PUC/SP- Sorocaba/SP - Brazil
Pericarditis: findings Hi Yield [ID 1222]
PERICarditis:
Pulsus paradoxus ECG changes Rub
Increased JVP
Chest pain [worse on inspiration, better when lean forward]
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Pick's disease: location, action, epidemiology Hi Yield [ID 1126]
See figure.
Pick axes are Picking away at the old woman's cerebral cortex, causing cortical atrophy.
2 pick axes on her brain: frontal lobe and anterior 1/3 of temporal.
An old woman, since epidemiology is elderly & more common in women.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Cardiovascular Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Takayasu's disease is Pulseless disease Hi Yield [ID 150]
"Can't Tak'a ya pulse" (Can't take your pulse):
Takayasu's disease known as Pulseless disease, since pulse is weakened in the upper extremities.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular Anonymous Contributor
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: signs [ID 1564]
FAT RN:
Fever Anemia
Thrombocytopenia Renal problems Neurologic dysfunction
Knowledge Level 3, System: Cardiovascular Anonymous Contributor
TTP: clinical features Hi Yield [ID 2102]
Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia PARTNER together:
Platelet count low
Anemia (microangiopathic hemolytic) Renal failure
Temperature rise Neurological deficits
ER admission (as it is an emergency) Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular Anthony Chan
Virchow's triad (venous thrombosis) Hi Yield [ID 1009]
"VIRchow":
Vascular trauma Increased coagulability Reduced blood flow (stasis)
Knowledge Level 2, System: Cardiovascular Rinku Uberoi UNIBE
Von Hippel-Lindau: signs and symptoms Hi Yield [ID 1065]
HIPPEL:
Hemanigoblastomas Increased renal cancer Pheochromocytoma Port-wine stains Eye dysfunction
Liver, pancreas, kidney cysts
Bare bones version: Hippel-Lindau, with H and L as above.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Cardiovascular Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Addison's disease: features Hi Yield [ID 897]
ADDISON:
Autoimmune DIC (meningcoccus)
Destruction by cancer, infection, vascular insufficiency Iatrogenic
S arcoidosis, granulomatous such as TB histiomycosis hypOtension/ hypOnatermia
Nelson's syndrome [post adrelectomy, increased ACTH]
Knowledge Level 3, System: Endocrine Samuel Atom Baek-Kim
Cushing syndrome Hi Yield [ID 667]
CUSHING:
Central obesity/ Cervical fat pads/ Collagen fiber weakness/ Comedones (acne) Urinary free corisol and glucose increase
S triae/ S uppressed immunity
Hypercortisolism/ Hypertension/ Hyperglycemia/ Hirsutism Iatrogenic (Increased administration of corticosteroids) Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms)
Glucose intolerance/ Growth retardation Knowledge Level 2, System: Endocrine Rinku Uberoi
Goitre: differential [ID 1610]
GOITRE:
Goitrogens Onset of puberty Iodine deficiency
Thyrotoxicosis/ Tumor/ Thyroiditis [Hashimoto's]
Reproduction [pregnancy]
Enzyme deficiencies
Knowledge Level 3, System: Endocrine Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Hirsutism vs. virilism Hi Yield [ID 2839]
Hirsutism: Hair on body like a male.
Virilism: Voice and rest of secondary sexual characteristics like a male.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Endocrine Anonymous Contributor
Hypercalcemia: symptoms of elevated serum levels [ID 161]
"Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans":
Bones: pain in bones Stones: renal Groans: pain
Psychic moans/ Psychological overtones: confused state Knowledge Level 3, System: Endocrine
Anonymous Contributor
Multiple endocrine neoplasia III: components Hi Yield [ID 960]
MEN III is a disease of 3 M's:
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Medulla of adrenal (pheochromocytoma) Mucosal neuroma
Knowledge Level 4, System: Endocrine Anonymous Contributor
Pheochromocytoma: 3 most common symptoms Hi Yield [ID 247]
"PHEochromocytoma":
Palpitations Headache
Edisodic sweating (diaphoresis) Knowledge Level 4, System: Endocrine Anonymous Contributor
Thyroid carcinoma: features, prognosis of most popular Hi Yield [ID 283]
Most Popular is Papillary.
Clinical features:
Papillae (branching) Palpable lymph nodes
"Pupil" nuclei (Orphan Annie) Psammoma bodies within lesion (often)
Also, has a Positive Prognosis (10 year survival rate: 98%).
Knowledge Level 4, System: Endocrine Anonymous Contributor
Thyroid storm characteristics [ID 627]
"Storm HITS girls cAMP":
Thyroid storm due to:
Hyperthyroidism
Infection or Illness at childbirth Trauma
S urgery
girls: Thyroid storm more common in females.
cAMP: Tx involves high dose of beta blockers (beta receptors work via cAMP) Alternatively: "S#IT storm": S urgery, Hyperthyroidism, Infection/ Illness, Trauma.
Knowledge Level 4, System: Endocrine Sung H. Kim & Lior Greenberg
Baldness risk factors [ID 780]
"Daddy Doesn't Deny Getting Hair Implants":
Diet Disease Drugs Genes Hormones Injury to the scalp
Knowledge Level 4, System: Integumental Anonymous Contributor
Diabetic ketoacidosis: I vs. II Hi Yield [ID 694]
ketONE bodies are seen in type ONE diabetes.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Integumental Anonymous Contributor
Lichen planus characteristics [ID 196]
Planus has 4 P's:
Peripheral Polygonal Pruritus Purple
Knowledge Level 3, System: Integumental Anonymous Contributor
APKD: signs, complications, accelerators Hi Yield [ID 1348]
11 B's:
Signs:
Bloody urine
Bilateral pain [vs. stones, which are usually unilateral pain]
Blood pressure up Bigger kidneys Bumps palpable Complications:
Berry aneurysm Biliary cysts
Bicuspid valve [prolapse and other problems]
Accelerators:
Boys Blacks
Blood pressure high
Knowledge Level 5, System: Kidney/Urine Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Gout vs. pseudogout: crystal lab findings Hi Yield [ID 1288]
Pseduogout crystals are:
Positive birefringent Polygon shaped
Gout therefore is the negative needle shaped crystals.
Also, gout classically strikes great Toe, and its hallmark is Tophi.
Knowledge Level 1, System: Kidney/Urine Robert O'Connor University College Dublin
Gout: factors that can precipitate an attack of acute gouty arthritis Hi Yield [ID 345]
DARK:
Diuretics Alcohol Renal disease Kicked (trauma)
And, the attack occurs most often at night [thus "dark"].
Knowledge Level 4, System: Kidney/Urine Marc Miller Sackler School of Medicine
Gout: major features Hi Yield [ID 1854]
GOUT:
Great toe
One joint (75% monoarticular) Uric acid increased (hence urolithiasis) Tophi
Knowledge Level 1, System: Kidney/Urine Dr. Harsh Sharma BJ Medical College
Hematuria: urethral causes Hi Yield [ID 2069]
NUTS:
Neoplasm Urethritis Tumour S tone
Knowledge Level 2, System: Kidney/Urine Sushant Varma University of Sheffield, UK
Nephritic syndrome: glomerular diseases commonly presenting as nephritic syndrome Hi Yield [ID 2109]
PARIS:
Post-streptococcal Alport's
RPGN
IgA nephropathy S LE
Alternatively: PIG ARMS to include Goodpasture's [one cause of RPGN], Membranoproliferative [only sometimes included in the classic nephritic list].
Knowledge Level 3, System: Kidney/Urine Knightmare Howard University College of Medicine
Nephrotic syndrome: hallmark findings Hi Yield [ID 1644]
"Protein LEAC":
Proteinuria Lipid up Edema Albumin down Cholesterol up
In nephrotic, the proteins leak out.
Knowledge Level 2, System: Kidney/Urine Anonymous Contributor
Renal failure (chronic): consequences [ID 1612]
ABCDEFG:
Anemia -due to less EPO Bone alterations -osteomalacia -osteoporosis -von Recklinghausen Cardiopulmonary -atherosclerosis -CHF
-hypertension -pericarditis D vitamin loss Electrolyte imbalance -sodium loss/gain -metabolic acidosis -hyperkalemia Feverous infections
-due to leukocyte abnormalities and dialysis hazards GI disturbances
-haemorrhagic gastritis -peptic ulcer disease -intractable hiccups
Knowledge Level 3, System: Kidney/Urine Plussind Siriraj Medical University, Thailand
Renal failure: causes Hi Yield [ID 1080]