Activity Recognition: RWK Module Protoypes

El verbo to be, «ser» o «estar», admite los siguientes usos: 1. Como auxiliar

Como auxiliar el verbo to be se usa:

a) Para formar los tiempos «continuos» acompañando a la «forma en -ing» del verbo que se conjuga:

He is working Está trabajando We are playing Estamos jugando

b) Para formar la voz pasiva acompañando al participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga:

He is loved Es amado They are hated Son odiados

c) Para respuestas cortas, « p r e g u n t a s coletilla», para reemplazar a o t r o v e r b o y para las f o r m a s enfáticas:

Respuesta corta:

"Is he working?" "Yes, he is" "¿Está trabajando?" "Sí, lo está" «Pregunta coletilla»:

He was drinking, wasn't he? Estaba bebiendo, ¿verdad?

Reemplazar a un v e r b o usado con a n t e r i o r i d a d , e v i t a n d o su r e p e t i c i ó n :

He was drinking, but she wasn't Él estaba bebiendo, pero ella no Forma enfática:

But she was drinking, too Pero ella estaba bebiendo también (Se pronuncia resaltando

ligeramente el auxiliar was)

2. Como cópula o enlace e n t r e el sujeto y el a t r i b u t o (v. 18.2, t i p o l ) : He is young Es joven

He is in London Está en Londres 3. Con la palabra there, con el significado de «haber»:

there is/there's hay (en singular) there are hay (en plural) there was había (en singular) there were había (en plural) there has been ha habido (en singular) there have been ha habido (en plural)

there had been había habido (en singular y plural) there will be habrá (en singular y plural) there would be habría (en singular y plural)

La i n t e r r o g a c i ó n se f o r m a i n v i r t i e n d o el o r d e n sujeto-verbo, y la n e g a c i ó n , con not

Is there?/are there? ¿Hay? There isn't/there aren't No hay

There hasn't/haven't been No ha habido There won't be No habrá There wouldn't be No habría

El v e r b o concierta en n ú m e r o con el n o m b r e c o r r e s p o n d i e n t e : There's a man in the street Hay un hombre en la calle There are some men in the street Hay algunos hombres en la calle Sin e m b a r g o , there's se usa a m e n u d o con un n o m b r e p l u r a l en lenguaje c o l o q u i a l (v. t a m b . 7.4.3):

There's some letters Hay unas cartas

for you to sign que tienes que firmar 4. To be to p u e d e t e n e r los siguientes valores:

a) Planes, preparativos, i n t e n c i ó n de hacer a l g o : They are to be married Se casarán/se van a casar

next week la semana que viene En los t i t u l a r e s de periódicos suele omitirse to b e : The Prime Minister El primer ministro visitará

to visit Welsh coal mines las minas de carbón de Gales b) Órdenes o p r o h i b i c i o n e s indirectas, con la t r a d u c c i ó n de

«haber de» o «tener q u e :

We are to meet him at Tenemos que ir a esperarlo a la the station estación (alguien así lo ha dispuesto) You are not to smoke here No se puede fumar aquí

c) F u t u r o h i p o t é t i c o :

If you are to become a lawyer... Si has de ser abogado... If he were to come today, Si viniera hoy,

he wouldn't find me here no me encontraría aquí d) Posibilidad/imposibilidad:

They are to be found Se encuentran por todo el país all over the country

He's not to be found anywhere No se encuentra por ninguna parte e) Destino, f a t a l i d a d ( g e n e r a l m e n t e en pasado):

His b r o t h e was to lose his life Su hermano habría de perder la vida in a car crash, too también en un accidente de coche 5. C o m o v e r b o léxico, con el s i g n i f i c a d o de «existir» (poco

f r e c u e n t e ) :

6. En modismos: to be about to/ to be on the point of to be cold/hot to be hungry/thirsty/sleepy to be in a hurry to be late to be right/wrong estar a punto de tener/hacer frío/calor tener hambre/sed/sueño tener prisa llegartarde

tener razón/estar equivocado D e n t r o de los modismos con to be p o d e m o s incluir la edad y las horas:

• E d a d

El v e r b o to be se emplea para expresar la e d a d :

How old are you? ¿Qué edad tienes/cuántos años tienes? I'm twenty (years old) Tengo veinte años

• Horas

El v e r b o to be se emplea i g u a l m e n t e para expresar las horas: What time is it?/what's the time? ¿Qué hora es?

It's one/two/three, etc., o'clock Es/son la(s) una/dos/tres, etc. It's half past four/five, etc.

It's (a) quarter to/past six/ seven, etc.

It's five/ten, etc., to/ past eight/nine, etc. It's nine/twelve, etc., minutes

to/past five

Son las 4/5, etc., y media Son las 6/7, etc., menos/y cuarto

Son las 8/9, etc., menos/y cinco/diez, etc.

Son las cinco menos/y nueve/doce minutos, etc. (suele añadirse la palabra minutes para cualquier número de minutos que no sea cinco, diez, veinte o veinticinco)

En inglés americano suele usarse oflafter en lugar de tolpast. It's twenty of six Son las seis menos veinte It's twenty-five after eight Son las ocho y veinticinco

• 8 . 6 CONJUGACIÓN DE TO HAVE

COMO AUXILIAR

PRESENTE Forma afirmativa: Sin contraer I have (yo) he you have he has she has it has we have you have they have Contraída I've you've he's she's it's we've you've they've Forma negativa: Sin contraer

I have not (yo) no he you have not

he has not she has not it has not we have not you have not they have not

Contraída

I've not o Ihaven't you've not o you haven't he's not o he hasn't she's not o she hasn't it's not o it hasn't we've not o we haven't you've not o you haven't they've not o they haven't

Forma interrogativa: Have I? have you? has he/she/it? have we/you/they? ¿he (yo)?

Forma interrogativo-negativa:

Sin contraer

Have I not? ¿no he (yo?) have you not?

has he/she/it not? have we/you/they not?

Contraída Haven't I? haven't you? hasn't he/she/it? haven't we/you/they? Sin contraer

I had (yo) había o hube you had he/she/it had we/you/they had Contraída I'd You'd he'd/she'd/it'd we'd/you'd/they'd Sin contraer

I had not (yo) no había o no hube you had not

he/she/it had not

we/you/they had not

Contraída

I'd not o I hadn't you'd not o you hadn't he'd/she'd/it'd not o he/she/it hadn't we'd/you'd/it'd not o we/you/they hadn't PASADO Forma afirmativa: Forma negativa: Forma interrogativa: Had l? had you? had he/she/it? had we/you/they?

Forma i n t e r r o g a t i v o - n e g a t i v a :

Sin contraer

Had I not? ¿no había o no hube (yo)? had you not?

had he/she/it not? had we/you/they not?

Contraída

Hadn't I? hadn't you? hadn't he/she/it? hadn't we/you/they?

Por lo q u e respecta al resto de los t i e m p o s verbales, to have se c o m p o r t a c o m o un v e r b o léxico o r d i n a r i o cualquiera:

I shall/will have (yo) habré/tendré I would have (yo) habría/tendría I have had (yo) he tenido

etc.

In document Architecting Evolving Internet of Things Application (Page 32-37)