I.
1. Competition for resources would increase as resources decline.
2. The greater the population density, the greater the effect of limiting factors.
For example, when population density of plant seedlings is too great, there may not be enough water to support the growth and development of all the seedlings. Many will not survive, reducing the size of the population.
3. The soy beans might be killed by the fungus, which would most likely also die.
4. Plants and animals living in the forest will lose their habitats and will decrease in number. Soil erosion increases
5. Destruction of habitat is the main cause of extinction.
II.
1. 15 ants per sq. m. size, 60 ants divided by 4 sq.m. equals 15; if there are 100 ants in an 8 sq.m. plot, the population density is 12.5 ants per sq.m.
2. About 27 per sq.km.
3. 20 monkeys III.
1. The ocean
2. The greenhouse effect 3. Alternative
4. Medicine 5. More
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Summary
Population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain place.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area.
Communities with many different species (a high index of diversity) will be able to withstand environmental changes better than communities with only a few species (a low index of diversity).
Population sizes vary among organisms. They change with the number of births and when they move into an ecosystem. They also change when members die or move out of an ecosystem.
Limiting factors are environmental conditions that keep a population from increasing in size and help balance ecosystems.
The carrying capacity is affected by changes in the environment.
Extinction occurs when the last member of a species dies.
When the population of a species begins declining rapidly, the species is said to be a threatened species.
A species is endangered when its population is so low that it is nearly extinct.
Human actions have resulted in habitat loss and degradation that have accelerated the rate of extinction.
The principal causes of deforestation are illegal logging, kaingin farming, forest fires and conversion of agricultural lands to housing projects, and typhoon.
The effects of deforestation include soil erosion, floods and depletion of wildlife resources.
The major cause of wildlife depletion is the loss of habitat.
Coral reef destruction is caused by dynamite fishing and muro-ami, while mangrove destruction is caused by overharvesting and conversion of the area into other uses.
In eutrophication, nutrients are washed away from the land to enrich bodies of water. It causes excessive growth of aquatic plants and algae and results to algal bloom, which eventually die and decompose. The process depletes
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Acid rain is a result of air pollution mostly from factories and motor vehicles.
Sustainable development means that a society should live under the carrying capacity of the environment.
GLOSSARY
Species A group of organisms that have certain characteristics in common
and are able to interbreed.
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in an area.
Population the total number of organism of the same species inhabiting a place at the same time.
Population density the number of individuals in an area
Limiting factors environmental conditions that keep a population from over increasing in size and help balance ecosystems
Carrying capacity number of organisms of one species that an environment can support.
Endangered species a species in which the number of individuals falls so low that extinction is possible
Threatened species species that have rapidly decreasing numbers of individuals Deforestation removing or clearing of a forest to include the cutting of all trees, mostly for agricultural or urban use
Eutrophication the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (as phosphates) that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life, usually resulting in the depletion of
dissolved oxygen
PCB ( polychlorinated biphenyl) toxic wastes produced in the making of paints, inks and electrical insulators
Acid rain broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition (deposited material) from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids.
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References
PRINTED
Rabago, L et.al (2010). Functional Biology, Vibal Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City Rabago, L.M., C.C. Joaquin, et.al. (c1990).Science & Technology(Biology). Vibal Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City
Strauss E. & Lisowski, M. (2000).Biology:The Web of Life. Pearson Education Asia Biggs. A. Gregg, K., et.al. (2000).Biology: the Dynamics of Life.the McGraw Hill Companies. Inc.
Dispezio, M. , Luebe, M, et.al. (1996). Science Insights:Exploring Living Things.
Addison Wesley Publishing Company, Menlo Park, California Philippine Biodiversity Conservation: A Trainer’s Manual
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Teacher’s Guide
Mavic
Page 1
Suggested Time Allotment: 15 hrs.
Unit 1 Module
4
Content Standard Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates the understanding of:
Structure and function of plant parts and organelles involved in cycled in the ecosystem. In grade 9, students will focus on how plants capture energy from the sun and use it for cellular activities. They will describe the processes involved in the flow of energy and matter in the ecosystem by differentiating the basic features and importance of photosynthesis and respiration. This module shows the structure and function of plant parts and organelles involved in photosynthesis and cellular respiration as well as the factors that affect the rate of food making and cellular respiration.
In this module, students will learn about the basic features and importance of photosynthesis and respiration to living organisms. Students should know the process of food making by plants and how this food benefits animals and man. Students will conduct investigations on the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis, and its effect on the harvest of crops. Students will be able to:
Identify the cell structure and functions of plants involved in the food making process.
Identify the raw materials needed for photosynthesis.
Explain the phases involved in photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Describe how the materials and energy flow in the ecosystem.
Analyze the importance of photosynthesis on the quality and quantity of harvest.