DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AND LEARNING DISABILITIES
Chapter 7 ANXIETY DISORDERS
7. 1 Fear is a primitive, adaptive response to threat. Jason's level of fear, however, is Ans. A pervasive, uncontrollable, intense, and interferes with his day-to-day activities. In App other words, Jason has a(n) disorder.
p. 216 a. anxiety E b. neurotic
c. affective d. maladaptive fear
7. 2 Duretha has a kind of mental disorder that occurs with greatest frequency in the Ans. B U. S. population. Her disorder, then, would fall under the category of
App a. mood disorders.
p. 216 b. anxiety disorders.
E c. somatoform disorders.
d. substance abuse and dependence disorders.
7. 3 A random sample of 100 community residents has been asked to participate in an Ans. B epidemiological survey. If they are representative of the larger population, App approximately are experiencing an anxiety disorder or have done so in the p. 216 past 12 months.
E a. 12 b. 17 c. 25 d. 33
7. 4 Ennis is in a situation causing him to experience both fear and anxiety. He will Ans. B express these emotions in several channels, but not necessarily
App a. behaviorally.
p. 216 b. interpersonally.
E c. cognitively.
d. physiologically.
7. 5 Stella has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety as well as panic disorder. This Ans. D reflects what characteristic of anxiety disorders?
App a. Diagnostic criteria overlap so extensively that reliable diagnosis is difficult, p. 216 b. Many anxiety disorders begin as generalized anxiety and then develop more M specific symptomatology.
c. A commonly committed error is that of assigning two Axis I diagnoses to one person.
d. There is a frequent occurrence of comorbidity among these disorders.
7. 6 Dr. Seshachari is treating a client who is diagnosed with one of the most common Ans. C anxiety disorders. Which of the following would this be?
App a. generalized anxiety p. 217 b. panic disorder E c. social phobia
* d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
7. 7 Lynette and Keith are fraternal twins. Based on prevalence data, Keith is more Ans. D likely than Lynette to experience
App a. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
p. 217 b. a specific phobia.
E c. posttraumatic stress disorder.
d. none of the above.
7. 8 Kale is seeking treatment for symptoms that his counselor describes as a type of Ans. A anxiety disorder. The counselor also told him that roughly 1 out of every 11 adult App males experiences this disorder at some point in their lives. What disorder is this?
p. 217 a. social phobia C b. generalized anxiety
c. specific phobia
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
7. 9 Of the following, the two least commonly occurring anxiety disorders are Ans. C a. agoraphobia and generalized anxiety.
Fac b. panic disorder and social phobia.
p. 217 c. obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder.
M d. These differ depending on gender.
7. 10 A vague sense of impending doom or catastrophe has been bothering Aaron for Ans. A several hours. How might you most accurately describe his emotional state?
App a. anxious p. 217 b. fearful M c. neurotic
d. either a or b
7. 11 When Natalie is feeling anxious what part of her life will she be most concerned Ans. C about, according to Barlow?
App a. the past p. 217 b. the present E c. the future
d. all three equally
7. 12 Because he never lived up to his parents' expectations, Edgar spends a great deal Ans. D of time feeling nervous, guilty, and unhappy. If you were Freud, you would App describe Edgar as
p. 217 a. having generalized anxiety.
E b. depressed.
c. comorbid.
d. neurotic.
7. 13 If fear is a signal that there is an external threat, anxiety, according to Freud, is a Ans. A signal of
Con a. internal, unconscious threat.
p. 217 b. repressed unconscious conflict.
M c. interpersonal conflict or threat.
d. future-oriented foreboding or apprehension.
7. 14 After several business failures, a divorce from his wife of 15 years, and Ans. B rejection by his best friend, Don is harboring a great deal of repressed anxiety.
App According to Freud, Don will develop a(n) disorder as a result of this p. 217 repression.
M a. neurotic b. somatoform c. anxiety d. depressive
7. 15 Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that a 5-month-old infant should possess the Ans. C capacity for
Con a. anxiety.
p. 218 b. somatization.
M c. fear.
d. conditioning.
7. 16 The text describes anxiety disorders as a fundamental disturbance in that Ans. D is then shaped into particular patterns by .
Fac a. cognitive processing; learning and culture p. 218 b. learning experience; biology
E c. behavioral responding; cognitive processes d. biology; learning and culture
7. 17 War is unquestionably a source of threat. It is fitting, then, that the term Ans. A comes from the name of a Greek deity, a son of the god of war.
Fac a. phobia p. 218 b. anxiety E c. stress
d. trauma
7. 18 One week after the crash of TWA flight 800, Monica had to fly overseas on Ans. D business. As she boarded her own flight, she felt her heart racing and her palms App were sweating, and she had vivid pictures in her mind of her plane going up in p. 217-8 flames. What label would you give this reaction?
M a. material phobia b. specific phobia c. obsessive disorder d. alarm reaction
7. 19 Which of the following persons is most likely to be diagnosed with a phobia?
Ans. B a. Lou, a white male App b. Ana, a Hispanic female p. 218 c. Trevor, a black male M d. Sara, a white female
7. 20 Which of the following disorders does not belong with the other three?
Ans. C a. social phobia Con b. agoraphobia p. 218 c. neurotic phobia E d. specific phobia
7. 21 Roughly what proportion of the population has either a true specific phobia or Ans. A intense, specific fears that fall short of diagnostic criteria?
Fac a. one third p. 218 b. one quarter E c. one half
d. one fifth
7. 22 Every time her parents take her for a checkup, Leanne becomes very agitated and Ans. C scared. She screams when the nurse tries to administer routine vaccinations, App terrified by the sight of the needle. Her health is in jeopardy due to her p. 218 unwillingness to take the shots. What type of fear is this?
M a. musophobia
* b. nyctophobia c. belonephobia d. tonitrophobia
7. 23 Tani, a 5-year-old male, has a phobia that is among the most commonly Ans. B occurring specific phobias. Which of the following is most likely?
App a. hematophobia p. 219 b. ephidiophobia C c. brontophobia
d. claustrophobia
7. 24 Ms. Lok is a registered nurse working on a unit with HIV-positive patients. If she Ans. D has a fear of exposure to blood, she has
App a. nyctophobia.
p. 218, 9 b. sangephobia.
M c. hematophobia.
d. an adaptive fear.
7. 25 Many individuals with hematophobia, traumatophobia, belonephobia, and similar Ans. A phobias have each of the following characteristics EXCEPT
Con a. onset prior to age 16.
p. 219 b. a tendency to faint when exposed to the stimulus.
M c. impairment in health.
d. disruptions in daily functioning.
7. 26 Yuan has an irrational fear which has prevented him from seeking employment in Ans. B any office that is more than one story above ground. According to the text, this App is probably MOST accurately described as a fear of
p. 219 a. heights.
M b. falling.
c. embarrassment.
d. enclosed spaces.
7. 27 Tamar's irrational fears and avoidance of heights and of elevators are types of Ans. C a. social phobias.
App b. agoraphobic symptoms.
p. 219 c. specific phobias.
E d. simple anxieties.
. 28 A college senior, Naum has always avoided classes in which any kind of oral Ans. D presentation or class participation was required. However, his last class required App for graduation requires a 20-minute presentation. He is seriously reconsidering p. 220 whether he wants to complete his degree. What disorder does this reflect?
E a. agoraphobia
b. situational specific phobia c. acute stress reaction d. social phobia
7. 29 Micki's friends don't understand why Micki never goes out to dinner with them, Ans. A won't go to a movie, and doesn't like to meet new people. Inside, Micki is sure App that if she did any of these things, she would humiliate herself. What disorder p. 220 does she appear to have?
E a. generalized social phobia b. specific phobia
c. posttraumatic social disorder d. agoraphobia
7. 30 Which of the following statements regarding phobias is CORRECT?
Ans. B a. Agoraphobia is a type of culture-specific disorder.
Fac b. Social phobia is a type of culture-general disorder.
p. 220 c. The symptoms associated with social phobia are culture-general.
E d. The biological preparedness associated with specific phobias is culture-specific.
*
7. 31 Minoru lives in Hiroshima, Japan. If he has symptoms of a social phobia, he is Ans. C probably MOST concerned about
App a. being embarrassed by negative comments after making a public presentation.
p. 220 b. revealing his own flaws and insecurities.
M c. offending another person by his public behaviors.
d. leaving himself open to others' ridicule about his personal mannerisms.
7. 32 Which of the following persons is most likely to exhibit TKS?
Ans. D a. Dora, a Black American female App b. Umeko, a Japanese female p. 220 c. Frank, a White American male E d. Botan, a Japanese male
7. 33 Dr. Nowital is working with a client with a social phobia including intense anxiety Ans. A when meeting members of the opposite sex. Dr. Nowital is convinced that the App client is afraid of her own unrecognized desire to have an incestuous relationship p. 220 with her father. What is Dr. Nowital's perspective?
E a. psychoanalytic
* b. cognitive c. behavioral d. social learning
7. 34 Deidre has an incapacitating snake phobia. According to Freud, Deidre has failed Ans. B to successfully resolve the stage of psychosexual development.
Con a. oral p. 220 b. phallic C c. latency
d. castration
7. 35 Deidre has an incapacitating snake phobia. What causal factor would John Watson Ans. C emphasize in understanding her fear?
App a. unresolved unconscious conflicts p. 220 b. modeling
E c. direct conditioning
d. inherited anxiety sensitivity
7. 36 Little Albert, a young infant, learned to fear and avoid white rabbits after the sight Ans. A of a rabbit was repeatedly paired with a loud, startling noise made behind him. In Con classical conditioning terms, how would deconditioning be achieved?
p. 221 a. by presenting the CS without the US C b. by presenting the NS without the CS
c. by presenting the UR without the CR d. by removing the CS
7. 37 In the example from the previous question about Little Albert, which element of Ans. B the classical conditioning process represents Albert's rabbit phobia?
Con a. UR p. 221 b. CR C c. NS d. CS
7. 38 Several pieces of evidence have indicated that Watson's explanation for phobias is Ans. D incomplete. Which of the following is NOT one of those pieces?
Fac a. the difficulty in extinguishing phobias by simple non-threatening exposure p. 221 b. the influence of vicarious conditioning and modeling
M c. differences in "prepared" and "unprepared" stimuli as fear elicitors
* d. the failure to document the generalization of traumatic fear reactions
7. 39 Six year old Ekaterina has a phobia of large, noisy dogs. While would Ans. A wonder about her relationship with her father, would wonder how often
App Ekaterina has seen such dogs on television and in the books her parents read to her.
p. 220-1 a. Freud; Bandura E b. Watson; Freud
c. Kendler; Wolpe d. Freud; Seligman
7. 40 As a young child, Carlos watched his mother scream any time a spider was found Ans. C in the house or out in the yard. He vividly remembers her hysterical reaction when App she found one in her shoe while getting dressed one morning. What process p. 221 accounts for Carlos' phobia as an adult?
E a. operant conditioning b. direct conditioning c. modeling
d. stimulus generalization
7. 41 Martin and Melody are MZ twins. They are more likely to be concordant for Ans. D than are Evan and Emily, who are DZ twins.
App a. specific phobias, p. 222 b. agoraphobia.
E c. social phobias.
d. All of the above.
7. 42 Which of the following twin pairs would probably be most concordant for a phobia?
Ans. B a. MZ twins who have a relatively high level of GABA in their limbic systems.
App b. MZ twins who have a relatively low level of GABA in their limbic systems.
p. 222 c. DZ twins who have a relatively low level of GABA in their neocortexes.
E d. DZ twins who have a relatively high level of GABA in their limbic systems.
7. 43 Martin is a tightrope walker in the circus. If he nearly falls off the wire, which Ans. C neurological response is most likely to help him calm down?
App a. The amygdala triggers activity in the adrenal gland.
p. 222 b. Norepinephrine activity increases in his brain.
M c. GABA activity increases in the brain.
d. Either a or c could apply.
7. 44 Deidre has an incapacitating snake phobia. What neurotransmitter may be unusually Ans. A low in her brain, leading to excessive limbic system activity?
App a. GABA p. 222 b. dopamine E c. serotonin
d. diazepine
7. 45 Johnny just observed a traumatic incident with a schoolmate that will result in Ans. C Johnny's avoidance of needles for the next 12 years. What brain structure is MOST App clearly implicated in this early phobic response?
p. 222 a. thalamus M b. hippocampus
c. amygdala d. corpus callosum
7. 46 Which of the following factors appears to be primarily responsible for triggering Ans. B most phobias in humans?
Fac a. biological preparedness p. 222 b. environmental experiences M c. genetic makeup
d. Current research does not provide an answer to this question.
7. 47 Which of the following stimuli would most likely be included in the Ans. D preparedness theory of phobias?
Con a. elevators p. 222 b. subways E c. injections
d. darkness
7. 48 The behavior of demonstrator and observer monkeys in Mineka and colleagues' Ans. A studies has provided clearest support for the theory of phobias.
Fac a. preparedness p. 222 b. direct conditioning E c. anxiety sensitivity
d. cognitive
7. 49 A demonstrator monkey is displaying a fear reaction to a plastic toy car. Which Ans. C finding is MOST likely in regard to an observer monkey?
App a. After one exposure, an observer monkey will develop a similar fear.
p. 222 b. After many exposures, an observer monkey will develop a similar fear.
M c. Despite repeated exposure, an observer monkey will not develop a similar fear.
d. It is not possible to make a prediction because this research has not been replicated.
7. 50 If Dr. Friere wants to maximize her chances of therapeutic success with a client, Ans. B she should treat someone with
App a. posttraumatic stress disorder.
p. 223 b. a phobic disorder.
E c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d. generalized anxiety disorder.
7. 51 In the past year, Dr. Bandura has treated 100 clients who suffered from a specific Ans. D phobia. Approximately how many clients responded well to treatment?
App a. 45 p. 223 b. 66 E c. 83 d. 91
7. 52 Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
Ans. B a. participant modeling Con b. cognitive restructuring p. 223-4 c. systematic desensitization E d. graded exposure
7. 53 Joseph Wolpe is your clinical supervisor. As a result, in your treatment plan for Ans. A a client with social phobia you would
App a. construct an anxiety hierarchy.
p. 223 b. provide unconditional positive regard and empathy.
M c. combine in vivo exposure with modeling.
* d. explore the unconscious origins of the client's social fears.
7. 54 Luella's therapist has recommended that they employ systematic desensitization to Ans. C help Luella overcome her fear of flying. What is the first step to take?
App a. Construct a fear hierarchy.
p. 223 b. Enhance the client's self-efficacy.
M c. Train Luella in muscle relaxation.
d. Expose Luella to nonfearful role models.
7. 55 Sergei has a phobia of snakes. "A cartoon drawing of a snake" and "having a snake Ans. D wrapped around my shoulders" are the two extreme points on his
App a. graded exposure scale.
p. 223 b. systematic distress scale.
E c. fear provocation hierarchy.
d. anxiety hierarchy.
7. 56 Jules has successfully completed the process of systematic desensitization for his Ans. A phobia of cats. Which of the following descriptions is INCORRECT?
App a. His treatment success will not generalize to in vivo situations without p. 224 additional exposure procedures.
M b. He was able to maintain feelings of relaxation and calmness while imagining
* the most threatening item on his hierarchy.
c. His treatment was relatively time consuming.
d. His underlying sense of self-efficacy has been enhanced.
7. 57 Which psychological treatment technique is MOST likely to benefit from the Ans. B technological evolution of virtual reality?
Fac a. systematic desensitization p. 224 b. graduated exposure E c. modeling
d. cognitive restructuring
7. 58 What classical conditioning process underlies graduated exposure therapy?
Ans. C a. presentations of a US of decreasing intensity Con b. repeated presentation of a moderately intense CS p. 224 c. presentations of a CS of increasing intensity
C d. one presentation of an intense CS followed by gradual relaxation
7. 59 Celine's sympathetic nervous system is sending her intense fear messages. She did Ans. D need to quickly overcome her fear of flying, but as she sits in her seat during App actual takeoff as part of her third therapy session, she wonders if she's made a p. 224 horrible mistake. Once her sympathetic nervous system becomes fatigued, however, M Celine begins to feel more calm; after two hours, her fear has subsided completely.
What process has she gone through?
a. sadistic psychotherapy with an unethical charlatan b. covert desensitization
c. participant modeling d. flooding
7. 60 Which of the following reflects an important difference between systematic Ans. A desensitization and graduated exposure?
Con a. imagined vs. in vivo exposure p. 224 b. immediate vs. gradual exposure
E c. One includes modeling; the other does not.
d. One is clearly more effective than the other.
7. 61 A therapist has decided to employ participant modeling to treat her client who has Ans. C apiphobia (fear of bees). Which of the following would be part of that treatment?
App a. The client will be exposed to in vivo stimuli such as pictures of bees, sounds of p. 225 bees, etc.
M b. The client will learn relaxation techniques modeled by the therapist and then imagine pictures of bees, the sound of bees, etc.
c. The client will observe as the therapist watches a bee on a flower, helps collect honey with a trained beekeeper, etc.
d. The client will imagine the therapist watching a bee on a flower, collecting honey with a trained beekeeper, etc.
7. 62 Antonia's therapist is helping her overcome her phobia of ants by letting the insects Ans. B crawl on the table near him and then letting them crawl over his hand, while App Antonia observes from a safe distance. Later, Antonia moves closer and ultimately p. 225 lets the ants crawl on her shoe. This is known as
E a. graduated exposure.
* b. participant modeling.
c. desensitized flooding.
d. in vivo modeling.
7. 63 What the DSM-II referred to as anxiety neurosis is now divided into several Ans. D disorders. Which one does not belong?
Fac a. agoraphobia p. 225 b. generalized anxiety E c. panic
d. phobia
7. 64 Nashota had a terrifying experience today. She felt a choking sensation, was Ans. A dizzy and nauseous, had trouble breathing, and thought she was going absolutely App crazy. What has she experienced?
p. 225 a. a panic attack E b. an anxiety neurosis
c. an agoraphobic reaction d. a neurotic fear
7. 65 Marco has an anxiety disorder that sometimes leaves him feeling out of touch with Ans. B reality and somehow detached from his sense of self. These experiences come on App rather suddenly and for no apparent reason. What disorder is likely?
p. 225 a. generalized anxiety disorder M b. panic disorder
c. agoraphobia
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
. 66 Dr. Tsukahara specializes in the treatment of the phobia most commonly seen by Ans. C clinicians. What is the central underlying fear in this disorder?
Con a. fear of public humiliation or embarrassment p. 226 b. fear of contamination (dirt, germs, etc. ) C c. fear of a panic attack
d. fear of open spaces
7. 67 Mrs. Gordeeva's neighbors think it very odd that she never leaves her house. The Ans. D neighbors have heard that there is nothing physically wrong with her, but rumor App has it that she had some kind of "attack" once when she was by herself at the mall p. 226 and has never been the same since. What disorder is most likely?
M a. social phobia
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. depersonalization
d. agoraphobia
7. 68 Which of the following statements is best supported by research?
Ans. A a. The majority of severe panic disorder cases include agoraphobia.
Fac b. Panic disorder and agoraphobia are distinct, relatively independent disorders p. 226 that frequently occur together.
E c. Agoraphobia virtually always occurs with a history of panic disorder.
d. Both panic disorder and agoraphobia are usually a result of substance abuse disorders.
7. 69 Gwenyth has agoraphobia with a history of panic attacks. In addition to the Ans. B psychosocial dysfunction posed by this disorder, Gwenyth is at risk for a comorbid App diagnosis of
p. 227 a. schizoid personality disorder.
M b. substance abuse.
c. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
d. bipolar disorder.
7. 70 Estimates of the lifetime prevalence of panic disorder (with or without Ans. D agoraphobia) are as high as percent in the U. S.
Fac a. 2. 5 p. 227 b. 4 E c. 6. 8
d. 9
7. 71 Which of the following persons is MOST likely to be diagnosed with panic Ans. D disorder?
App a. Marcell, a male living in Italy
p. 227 b. Su Lin, a female living in Hong Kong M c. Whitney, an Asian male living in the U. S.
d. Gretchen, a female living in Germany
7. 72 For whom is sleep paralysis most likely to be a symptom of panic disorder?
Ans. A a. Kenesha, a black female App b. Consuela, a Hispanic female p. 227 c. Rodrigo, a Hispanic male M d. Michelle, a white female
. 73 Roughly what percentage of persons in the U. S. will experience agoraphobia at Ans. B some point in their lives?
Fac a. 3. 5 p. 228 b. 6 E c. 9
d. 12. 5
7. 74 If parents do not adequately fulfill an infant or child's physical and emotional
7. 74 If parents do not adequately fulfill an infant or child's physical and emotional