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UNIT 4 TEACHING TOOLS AND AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
- Get complete attention.
• Prepare the lesson:
- List or decide on major points to be presented.
- Determine how you will present the material.
- Decide upon a standard of performance.
- Make available all materials learner will need.
PRESENTATION
• Present the material to be learned.
• Teach one point at a time and do so slowly.
• Pause to allow time for questions during the presentation.
• Review the material.
APPLICATION
• Let learner demonstrate the procedure.
• Ask questions about procedure to assure learner understanding and correct any mistakes.
• Assist when necessary during the initial tryout and for the first few times the procedure comes up again.
EVALUATION
• Check the learner in the actual work setting against your established standards of performance.
• Correct errors.
• Encourage questions.
• When satisfied that the learner can perform at established standard, allow him/her to assume the responsibility.
3.1.2 Relationships between Teaching Tools and Audio Visual Aids Audio visual material must be seen in their relationship to teaching as a whole and to the learning process as a whole, until the teacher understands the relationship between audio visual material and teaching learning process. Audio visual materials are produced, distributed and used as planned components of educational programs. It helps the process of learning that is motivation, classification and stimulation.
Audio visual aids are multisensory materials which motivate and stimulate the individual. It makes dynamic learning experience more concrete realistic and clarity. It provides significant gains in thinking and reasoning.
Audio visual aids are sensitive tools used in teaching and as avenues for learning. These are planned educational materials that appeal to the senses of the people and quicken learning facilities for clear understanding.
Importance of Teaching tools in Cooperative education system:
· To supplement and enrich teachers own teaching to make teaching-learning more concrete.
· To serve an instructional role in itself.
· To create interest among the group.
· To make teaching as an effective process.
Advantages:
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1. Audio visual aids helps in effective perceptual and conceptual learning.
2. it‘s helpful in capturing and sustaining attention of students.
3. It arouses interest and motivates students to learn.
4. It is helpful in new learning.
5. It helps in saving energy and time of both the teacher‘s and students.
6. It provides near realistic experience.
7. It can meet individual demands.
8. It is useful in for education of masses.
Characteristics of good teaching aids:
Teaching aids should be;
Meaningful and purposeful
Motivates the learners
Accurate in every aspect
Simple and cheap
Improvised
Large in size
Up-to-date
Easily portable
They includes the following to mention a few:
Radio, television, cinema vans and public address systems, newspapers, posters and other printed materials are used to reach large numbers of people quickly. Radio is one of the fastest, most powerful and in many countries the only way of communicating with the masses of rural people. It reaches people of all cultural levels who understand the language of transmission.
An advantage of radio programmes is that they can be done almost anywhere through the use of tape recorder. Radio is useful in reporting spot news, such as announcement of meetings, for warning about insect outbreaks, and especially as a part of campaigns. Listening habits may vary according to the society involved. Studies of listening habits will tell the extension worker when his listeners are likely to be men and women and at what hours they listen most.
Take these factors into account when planning your programme.
Television adds a second dimension to radio broadcasting thus increasing the scope of methods available to the extension worker. He can demonstrate as well as talk. Television programmes require meticulous preparation. Every piece of equipments must be in place and the dialogue must be well thought out. In spite of the relatively high cost of receiving sets, television occupies an increasingly important role in developing countries.
Television and Radio could be used to vary teaching methods in order to
stimulate student‘s interest. As this is being done, the students should be asked to take down notes. The teacher should try his possible best to control the atmosphere. At the end of the lecture, find out how far they have followed the lesson by means of questions and demonstration.
Advantage of Radio and Television
1. Radio programmes are especially fitted to handle emergency information
2. Reach people who cannot read
3. Reach people who cannot attend extension meetings 4. Build interest in other extension activities
Limitations
1. Broadcasting facilities are not everywhere available
2. Active involvement of the audience in the teaching process is impossible
3. Frequently extension programmes are given poor time for farm listeners
4. Direct and immediate feedback from the audience to the teacher is not possible
5. Frequently extension programmes loose out in competition with entertainment
6. Specific local needs cannot be given adequate attention and there is often cultural gap (e.g. language, dialect) between the speaker and the audience.
* Poster
A poster is a sheet of paper or cardboard with an illustration and usually a few simple words.
It is designed to catch the attention of the passer by, impress on him a fact or an idea and stimulate him to support an idea, get more information or take some kind of action. Since a single glance may be all your poster will get, the message must be simple and clear. Details and wordy sentences have no place. Here are a few suggestions that will help you design more effective posters.
1. Decide exactly who your audience is. Decide exactly what you want to tell them. Decide what you want them to do.
2. Put down on a sheet of paper words and rough pictures that express your message simply and clearly.
3. Try to put your message into a few words- a concise striking slogan. Visualize or put into picture for the most important central idea in the message.
4. Cut out your poster in small scale V 8 1 or 4 1 actual size. Other suggestions: use plain, bold lettering and lines.
Use colour to attract attention and for contrast. Remember however that too many colours add confusion. Allow plenty of space. Do not crowd letters, words or illustrations.
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Folders, leaflets and Pamphlets: Simple folders, leaflets and pamphlets can be used in many ways in extension programmes. They may be used singly for example to explain the advantage of societies. They may be used as reminders of when to societies have goods and services to offers members. Folders, leaflets and pamphlets may be used in coordination with other visuals in long-range campaigns. Because of their low cost, they can be given away at meetings and fairs and offered on radio programmes. They are useful to supplement large publications when new information is available and reprinting the whole publication is not practical.
Other methods are:- Use of Brochures
Little pamphlets written by companies or institutions explaining to people their activities and what they can do as an institution. The teacher can request students to go to these companies and collect their brochures. These pamphlets could be got from libraries, firms or locally.
This will make the student feel more committed to learning. The teacher should go through the pamphlets with the students and then post same on the bulletin board for other student‘s information.