Barriers and Opportunities of Implementing CDM in South Africa: A case of Gauteng Municipalities.
Questionnaire – Project Developers and Consultants Personal Details (Optional)
Name : ______________________________________
Company : ______________________________________
Involvement in CDM : ______________________________________
Contact Details (e-mail & tel. No.) : ______________________________________
Years of experience in CDM : ______________________________________
Years of experience in CDM SA : ______________________________________
Project Developer CDM Consultant
In the context of this questionnaire, the municipal projects refer to CDM projects developed by municipalities either solely or with some services outsourced. (Excluding projects located within municipal boundaries but owned by private companies)
(a) What is your take on CDM post 2012 uncertainties since the negotiations at the COP 15 Copenhagen have collapsed?
Yes No
The market will collapse
The market will remain unchanged
The will be a new mechanism replacing CDM The uncertainty is a big risk factor to CDM projects
(b) Does that affect your project development decisions in South Africa?
Yes No
We will continue to develop CDM projects post 2012 We await the decision before making major commitment Other:
What are your previous involvements with CDM projects in South Africa?
Yes No
Have developed CDM projects in the past: Before 2007 After 2007 Currently looking for projects to develop in South Africa Focus on private sector projects in SA
Focus on public sector projects in SA
(a) Are you developing projects in Municipalities? (b)What kind of projects? (c)Where are most of these projects?
(a) (c)
Yes No
(b)
Please rate the quality of CDM projects between projects developed (owned) by municipal and projects owned or developed by private sector. Please rate from 1 to 5, 1 being worst and 5 being best.
Municipal Private Sector
Please rate the performance of the CDM market in South Africa in the following categories? (Mark with an X in the relevant box).
Very
Poor Poor Good Very
Good Comment Contribution to technology transfer
introduction of new technologies to the country through CDM projects) Increased number of CDM Projects Increased volume of CERs produced
How would you rate the CDM capacity building activities in South Africa under the following categories?
Please rate each one with 1 to 4 (1 being low rating and 4 being high rating) Targeted Reaching the
Would you say there is sufficient knowledge transfer between municipalities and consultants during CDM project development? If yes, does this knowledge enable municipalities to initiate further CDM projects? Please explain your view.
Landfill gas projects have been dominating the South African CDM pipeline from municipalities. In your opinion, what is the likeliness of future development of other project types, including landfill gas?
Highly
Unlikely Unlikely Likely Highly
Likely Reason
Energy efficiency (buildings, street lights, etc.)
Renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro) Biomass energy
Landfill gas Transport
Other (please specify)
Do you have a specific preference of projects? If yes what projects do you look for when developing CDM projects in SA?
Renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro)
Other:
What type of carbon credits does your carbon projects produce?
Standard CERs
CDM Gold Standard CERs Project specific CERs VERs
China, India and Brazil are leading the CDM market. From your experience dealing with these countries, what are they doing differently to achieve their success in the CDM market and what can South Africa learn from these countries?
Strongly
Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Simple DNA procedures
Good investment climate Good Climate Change policies
CDM project development is revenue orientated Strong government leadership
Technology transfer a strong motivation for CDM development
Availability of renewable resources (wind, solar, hydro, bio, etc.)
Incentives from government for CDM projects (e.g. tax exemption for CER revenue)
What approach does your company take in exploring a CDM market in SA municipalities? Please mark relevant box.
Yes No
Submit proposals to relevant officials Public Private Partnership with municipality Bid for advertised projects
Other:
What factors do you think makes a project attractive to CERs buyers and investors? And do your projects live up to investor/ buyer’s expectations? Please Rate the importance of the factors listed below in your decision to buy CERs from numbers 1 to 5. 1 being less important and 5 being most important
1 2 3 4 5
Project size (small scale or large scale) Amount of CO2 reduction
Existing methodology
Host country’s political conditions Host country’s economic conditions
Sector Performance (growth rate of the sector, quality of technology, CER delivery characterising the sector) (e.g. solar water heaters)
Fixed price 100 CER ownership
CER (Standard CERs or Gold Standard) Tender norms
The underlying technology for the proposed project
In your CDM projects what obstacles have you come across when dealing with CDM projects in Municipalities?
Strongly
Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree CDM knowledge only basic, lack of deeper understanding of
the carbon markets
Long winding negotiations, unable to close a deal Lack of transparency in the application of the sustainability criteria
Misunderstanding of relevant technologies
Lack of strong project leadership from municipalities Lack of initiative from the side of municipality.
What do you think is hindering South African CDM market to grow?
Strongly
Disagree Disagree Agree Strongly Agree Inefficient DNA
DNA website not helpful for investors and buyers No single point of CDM information in SA Lack of project development capacity
Lack of financing - project development & implementation Uncertainties around post 2012 regime
Tax implications of CERs
Low electricity cost vs. clean/renewable energies Additionality evidence requirements for projects Price volatility of carbon credits
High transaction costs
Scepticism regarding the benefits of CDM
What would you recommend for South African Municipalities to increase the number of CDM projects?
Would you please refer me to more background material or other relevant information on the subject of CDM implementation in Municipalities?
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Thank-you very much for your valuable input in this study, your participation is highly appreciated.
If there is anyone you would like to recommend to participate in this survey please provide their contact details below.
Name:
Company : Profession:
Contact details (e-mail & telephone no.):