This argument prevents analytical restriction to either one or the other, therefore solving

a dilemma Anderson (2011) seems to be in when arguing for the formation of sociality within Egypt’s ‘piety movement’. A concept of two ‘value logics’ allows to incorporate both the element of self-formation as well as that of a moral sociality.

Concluding Remarks

In this paper, madrasas have been introduced and analysed from the analyti- FDOYLHZSRLQWRIȆVRFLRFRVPLFȴHOGVȇDVGHȴQHGE\+DUGHQEHUJWKLVYROXPH 7KHVHUHDOPVDUHXQGHUVWRRGDVȴHOGVRIUHODWLRQVKLSVVKDSHGWKURXJKYDOXHG interactions. This focus not only circumvents the problems connected with universal categories such as ‘economy’ and ‘religion/ritual’, it also enables us to extend investigations in ‘ritual economy’ from ritual activities to institu- tions. In this vein,UHOLJLRXVLQVWLWXWLRQVKHUHVSHFLȴFDOO\PDGUDVDVWRRDUH understood through a myriad of interactions creating social and cosmic ties DOLNH7KLVLQWXUQDOORZVDG\QDPLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHVHLQVWLWXWLRQVDQG shows how these evolve through constantly ongoing social interactions and processes, at the same time framing these.

I have shown that madrasas cannot be understood in a restricted way as FRQȴQHGUHOLJLRXVVSDFHV2QWKHFRQWUDU\WKHORFDOQDWLRQDODQGLQWHUQD- tional dimensions of local madrasas are highlighted. Furthermore, aspects of social and cultural change are elucidated from a new, albeit fundamen- WDO VWDQFH WKH IRFXV RQ UHODWLRQVKLSV LQKHUHQW LQ FHUWDLQ NH\ YDOXHV DQG HVWDEOLVKHGWKURXJKVSHFLȴFDFWLYLWLHV,KDYHDUJXHGWKDWLWLVQRWQHFHVVDULO\ ‘new’ values introduced to Kyrgyz society through reform institutions and DFWRUV,QVWHDGDQDO\VLQJPDGUDVDVWKURXJKWKHOHQVRIȆVRFLRFRVPLFȴHOGVȇ has led me to detect a shift in the relationships these values address: a shift away from a holistic or relationalist emphasis on community ties towards an emphasis on individual relationships with God achieved through one’s indi- vidual deeds and directed at individual salvation.

By way of understanding relationships from the initial point of values and activities shaping and expressing these relationships, the concept of ‘socio- FRVPLFȴHOGVȇWKXVRSHQVXSDQHZDQGLPSRUWDQWSHUVSHFWLYHIRUWKHXQGHU- VWDQGLQJRIFXUUHQWO\RQJRLQJVRFLDODQGFXOWXUDOFKDQJHLQWKHȴHOGRI,VODP in Kyrgyzstan.

Yanti Hölzchen

Collaborative Research Centre SFB 1070 RESOURCECULTURES

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