Attributes Relates to Places

Attributes are universally accepted as a functioning reacts and has a good quality. However, the actual significance of the attribute can only be understood by understanding the meaning and place of attachment localities. This is an emerging characteristic strength and identity are formed. Introduction positively on the features of a place and a positive feeling to the place where it shows the difference positively contribution to user identity and attachment to the place. In this research, the discussion more about the attributes inherent to the activity, image and physical form. It is to establish a theoretical framework as the basis for the study.

First, attributes related to the activity. This part debate on the definition and role of the vitality, diversity, and transaction in producing characteristics and identity of the place. Vitality differentiated according to the level of involvement and the capacity to produce a selection of activities for all users. An area that responds to accommodate human activities (Jacobs, 1961). The meaning of vitality is liveliness, power, and spirit of place as a result of the intensity and diversity of activities. Attachment developed through engagement that exists with the place. A pedestrian movement is a form of participation in a particular place in the public space. Movements in the public space in the city are the heart of the experience; it is also an important factor in producing the life and activity (Carmona et. al, 2003). The number of people inside and around a public space at different times of day and night, the number of cultural events and festivals, public facilities, public space and active life feeling the spirit of users affects the vitality of the place (Montgomery, 1998).

38 According to some scholar said, diversity as a choice of activities and users. It also includes multiple buildings, the types, and functions. Best public space is a space for physical, economic and social features of uniformity, as well as a longer activity contributes to the good public realm and safe (Jacobs, 1999). Bently (1992) and Dolbani (2000) agreed that diversity is an important attribute in the background of the city through a mixture of differences that provide a level of choice and multiple usabilities for people. It affects the mood and safety that can support functions and social attachment to the place.

The existence of activities which help to generate transactions not caused by the physical element, but it is described by the coherence of individual experience. A good place in the city provides space for social and cultural conduct transactions through friendship, events, and opportunities. The transaction is recommended if the business continued until the frequency starts meetings among users, motion and object exchange continued throughout the day and night (Montgomery, 1998). The role of social transactions (social ability) which is described as the sense of welcoming visitors and residents in public spaces and the integration of people in the streets create an environment sense of place (Shuhana et.al, 2004). Understood that the activity plays a significant role in influencing the place attachment.

Next, an attribute attached to images. This section describes the definition and purpose of uniqueness, comfort and security/safety in defining good and successful places. Uniqueness was when certain features in a background practiced, dominant and unique to distinguish it from other locations. Quality and objects appear as real in our experience of place that set the impact strength, uniqueness and authenticity identity of these places (Relph, 1976). Comfort is an attribute of a successful public space and a measure of good

39 public space (Carr et.al, 1992; Jacobs, 1999; Carmona et.al, 2003). A sense of calmness can be achieved by being in a city park with trees, greenery, and features of the water and away from the busy traffic. Comfort can produce images that are both positive and felt by the user (Carr, 1992; Lynch, 1960). Meanwhile, safety and security is an attribute that is closely related to comfort. It deals with aspects of threats, fear, and danger that affect the city's image and perceptions of users in a negative way. In another word, crime, road safety, vandalism is a problem that affects some places in the city. However, the presence of people in a public open space can increase the sense of security so as to reduce the fear (Jacobs, 1961; Whyte, 1980 Gehl, 1987). Some ways to promote safety is to demonstrate clearly between public, and private space (the territorial), natural (informal), surveillance (eyes upon the street) is enhanced by the diversity of activities and functions (Jacobs, 1984).

The final attribute is attached to the physical form. Two key features of the physical elements that contribute to the public's accessibility and understanding (legibility). Accessibility is associated with the ability to reach out and meet other people, activities, resources, services, information or place covering the quantity and diversity of elements (Lynch, 1981). Connectivity is critical in supporting the vitality of streets and pedestrian movement. One of it is transportation; it is very closely related to transparency (permeability) place that ability to get more and easily move through space and provide ease of movement. Accessibility is a major factor in determining the quality of use. These requirements include location, visual sign, and understanding (Carr, 1992). This is an essential element in economic activities and transactions. Accessibility to public amenities and facilities for all types of users is also important in determining the quality of the place.

40 Legibility refers to facilities that can be identified, arranged and performed by people around. In other words, understanding the extent to which the form can establish a sense of place. Understanding is describing how easy people can understand the procedures placement (Bently, 1992). It refers to the clarity of the good cityscape physical shape and function (the pattern and type of activities). The high level of understanding makes it easier for people to form an image of a precise and clear about where the visibility and appearance allow users to integrate with the urban space (Dolbani, 2000). Before this, Lynch (1960) have stated five main physical elements that affect the way of the image is a path, edge, district, node, and landmarks. However, these features cannot be realized in isolation but must be combined to produce an overall image of the city to contribute to creating the site.