Chapter 2. Literature Review
2.2 Orientation Assistive Technologies for Indoor Environments
2.2.3 OAT Feedback Modalities
2.2.3.1 Audio-Based Feedback
Fig.4.94: Removal efficiency as a function of time and mpsc dosage for VIE at pH 10
Fig.4.95: Removal efficiency as a function of time and mpsc dosage for VIE at pH 13
4.1.2.4 Removal efficiency for pH varying Wastewater at constant coag-flocculants dosage
Whereas, in case of COSC, least optimal performance are recorded at the pH 5, 7 and 10 for the dosages considered. This an indication that COSC is sparingly hydrolysable at those pH, leading to low cationic radicals available for sorption of anionic radicals. However, the optimum efficiency of COSC is recorded at pH of 3 for 0.1 to 0.2g/l dosage and 30 – 40min settling time as shown in the figures. 4.104 to 4.110.
Considering, figures.4.111 to 4.116 for TOSC, an observation indicates that low performance is recorded at pH of 5 for all the dosages. The implication is that pH of 5 is not suitable for practical coag-flocculation process involving TOSC and PIE. Though optimum is recorded at pH of 3. In the case of PTSC, the coag-flocculation activity presented in figures.4.117 to 4.123, show that the efficiency values recorded at pH of 3 and 10 for all the dosages are satisfactory. Expectedly the optimal performance of PTSC lies between pH of 3 and 10, whereas the figures.4.124 to 4.130, illustrating the coag-flocculation behavior of MPSC, indicate that the performance recorded at pH of 13 for all the dosages are relatively high, supporting the fact that the pH media is optimal for coag-flocculation operation for MPSC – VIE system.
Fig.4.96: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.1g/l ssc
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficienvy (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.97:Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.2g/l ssc
Fig.4.98:Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.3g/l ssc
Fig.4.99:Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.4g/l ssc
0
20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
TIme (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.100:Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.5g/l ssc
Fig.4.101:Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.6g/l ssc
Fig.4.102: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.7g/l ssc
0
20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.103: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.1g/l cosc
Fig.4.104: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.2g/l cosc
Fig.4.105: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.3g/l cosc
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.106: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.4g/l cosc
Fig.4.107: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.5g/l cosc
Fig.4.108: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.6g/l cosc
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.109: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.7g/l cosc
Fig.4.110: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.1g/l Tosc
Fig.4.111: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.2g/l Tosc
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.112: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.3g/l Tosc
Fig.4.113: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.4g/l Tosc
Fig.4.114: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.5g/l Tosc
0
20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.115: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.6g/l Tosc
Fig.4.116: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.7g/l Tosc
Fig.4.117: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.1g/l ptsc
0
20 40 60 80
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.118: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.2g/l ptsc
Fig.4.119:Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.3g/l ptsc
Fig.4.120: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.4g/l ptsc
0
20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.121: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.5g/l ptsc
Fig.4.122: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.6g/l ptsc
Fig.4.123: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE at 0.7g/l ptsc
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.124: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE 0.1g/l mpsc
Fig.4.125: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE 0.2g/l mpsc
Fig.4.126: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE 0.3g/l mpsc
0
20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 20 40 60 80 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.127: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE 0.4g/l mpsc
Fig.4.128: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE 0.5g/l mpsc
Fig.4.129: Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE 0.6g/l mpsc
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1 pH3 pH5 pH7 pH10 pH13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Efficiency (%)
Time (min)
pH1
pH3
pH5
pH7
pH10
pH13
Fig.4.130:Removal efficiency as a function of time for pH varying VIE 0.7g/l mpsc