Safe Surgery Saves Lives Programme Leader
Atul Gawande, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Editors
Atul Gawande, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Thomas Weiser, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Project team at Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
William Berry Atul Gawande Alex Haynes Thomas Weiser
Project team at World Alliance for Patient Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Liam Donaldson, Chair
Pauline Philip, Programme Lead Gerald Dziekan
Agnes Leotsakos Douglas Noble Kristine Stave
Additional acknowledgements
Didier Pittet, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
Peter Pronovost, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Contributors
Paul Baker, Department of Anaesthesiology, Starship Children’s Health, Auckland, New Zealand
Bruce Barraclough, Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, Sydney, Australia
William Berry, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Meena Cherian, Department of Essential Health Technologies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Jeffrey Cooper, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Ara Darzi, Parliamentary Under-Secretary at the Department of Health, Department of Surgery, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, England
E. Patchen Dellinger, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
Laura Devgan, Department of Surgery, Colombia University, New York City, New York, United States
John Eichhorn, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Atul Gawande, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Alex Haynes, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Teodoro Herbosa, Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
Nongyao Kasatpibal, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Clifford Ko, Department of Surgery, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center,
Los Angeles, California, United States
Lola Jean Kozak, National Center for Health Statistics (retired), Hyattsville, Maryland, United States
Lorelei Lingard, Associate Professor, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Martin Makary, Department of Surgery, John's Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Lydia Matsumi, Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
Alan Merry, Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Krishna Moorthy, Department of Surgery, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, England
Tong Yow Ng, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
Shantanu Nundy, World Alliance for Patient Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Fernando Otaiza-O'Ryan, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
Scott Regenbogen, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Richard Reznik, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Iskander Sayek, Department of Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine,
Ankara, Turkey
K.M. Shyamprasad, Martin Luther Christian University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India Ali Sindi, Office of the Prime Minister, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil, Iraq
Olaiton Soyannwo, Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Julie Storr, World Alliance for Patient Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva,
Switzerland
Charles Vincent, Clinical Safety Research Unit, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, England
Thomas Weiser, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Andreas Widmer, Internal Medicine and Infection, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland Iain Wilson, Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter,
England
David Wisner, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
Kate Woodhead, Friends of African Nursing, Leeds, England Acknowledgements for assistance
Rachel Davies, Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, England
Bryce Taylor, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Katherine Thompson, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of
Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States Acknowledgements for coordination and support
Hilary Coates, World Alliance for Patient Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Martin Fletcher, National Patient Safety Agency, London, England
Helen Hughes, Patients for Patient Safety, World Alliance for Patient Safety, London, England
Sooyeon Hwang, World Alliance for Patient Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Claire Lemer, Department of Health, London, England
Fiona Stewart-Mills, World Alliance for Patient Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Working group members
Bruce Barraclough, Chairman, New South Wales Clinical Excellence Commission, Sydney, Australia
William Berry, Research Associate, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Meena Cherian, Medical Officer, Emergency and Essential Surgical Care, Department of Essential Health Technologies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Ara Darzi (Lead, Safe Surgical Teams working group), Parliamentary Under-Secretary at
the Department of Health, Department of Surgery, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, England
E. Patchen Dellinger, Professor of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
John Eichhorn, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
Atul Gawande (Programme Leader), Associate Professor, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Alex Haynes, Research Fellow, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Teodoro Herbosa, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
Nongyao Katsatpibal, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Clifford Ko, Associate Professor, University of California at Los Angeles Center for Surgical Outcomes, Los Angeles, California, United States
Lola Jean Kozak, Health Statistician (retired), National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, United States
Martin Makary (Lead, Measurement working group), Associate Professor of Surgery, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Alan Merry (Lead, Safe Anaesthesia working group), Head, Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
Krishna Moorthy, Clinical Lecturer, Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, England
Lydia Mutsumi, Operating Theatre Manager, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
Tong Yow Ng, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Obstretrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
Fernando Otaiza, Chief, Infection Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
Richard Reznik, Chair, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Iskender Sayek (Lead, Surgical Site Infection Prevention working group), Chairman of Surgery, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Turkey
K.M. Shyamprasad, Chancellor, Martin Luther Christian University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Ali Sindi, Senior Adviser, Office of the Prime Minister, Kurdistan Regional Government, Erbil, Iraq
Olaitan Soyannwo, Professor, Department of Anaesthesia, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Julie Storr, Technical Officer, World Alliance for Patient Safety, World Health
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Thomas Weiser, Research Fellow, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Andreas Widmer, Professor, Cantonal Hospital, Basel University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland
Iain Wilson, Joint Medical Director, Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, England
Kate Woodhead, Founder and Chairman of Trustees, Friends of African Nursing, Leeds, England
World Health Organization:
Liam Donaldson, Chair, World Alliance for Patient Safety Gerald Dziekan, Project Manager
Helen Hughes, Head of WHO Office for Patient Safety, London Agnes Leotsakos, Advocacy
Douglas Noble, Clinical Adviser Pauline Philip, Executive Secretary Kristine Stave, Partnership Development Additional consultants
Jon Ahlberg, Landstingens ömsesidiga försäkringsbolag, Sweden
Kurian Joseph Alappat, Asia and Oceania Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, India
Peter Angood, Joint Commission, United States
Irini Antoniadou, European Operating Room Nurses Association, Sweden Marco Baldan, International Committee of the Red Cross, Switzerland Consuelo Basili, Polyclinic Universital Hospital of Modena, Italy Mohamed Saleh Ben Ammar, Hôpital Mongi Slim, Tunisia David Benton, International Council of Nurses, Switzerland
Karsten Boden, Swiss Federation of Nurses and Nurse Anaesthetists, Switzerland Robert Brooks, American Association of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States Anselmo Campagna, Polyclinic University Hospital of Modena, Italy
Catherine Chen, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States Paul Craig, University of California San Diego Medical Center, United States Richard Croteau, Joint Commission International, United States
Gauthier Desuter, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
Neelam Dhingra-Kumar, Blood Safety Team, Department of Essential Health Technologies, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Lena Dohlman, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
Marita Eisenmann-Klein, International Confederation of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Germany
Björn Fahlgren, Devices and Clinical Technology, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Edmundo Ferraz, Federal Hospital of Pernambuco, Brazil Abe Fingerhut, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, France
Tesfamicael Ghebrehiwet, International Council of Nurses, Switzerland Aberra Gobezie, Debub University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia
Christine Goeschel, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States Peter Crichton Gordon, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Linda Groah, Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, United States Paul Hahnloser, International College of Surgeons, Switzerland
Felix Harder, International Society of Surgery, Switzerland Phil Hassen, Canadian Patient Safety Institute, Canada
Awori Hayanga, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States Ahmed Hazem Helmy, Theodore Bilharz Research Institute, Egypt
Jaap Hoekman, Dutch Association of Anaesthesia Workers, Netherlands
Andrei Issakov, Health Systems Policies and Operations, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Cosmas Kalwambo, Patient Advice and Liaison Service, Zambia
David Kennedy, University of Pennsylvania Health System, United States Pattapong Kessomboon, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Angela Lashoher, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States David Loose, National Association for Healthcare Quality, United States T.E. Madiba, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Nana Yaw Manu, Bekwai District Hospital, Ghana
Charles Mock, Violence and Injury Prevention and Disability, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Joachim Nagel, International Union for Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, Germany
Sergelen Orgoi, Health Sciences University, Mongolia C. Palanivelu, National Training Institute, India
Annette Pantle, New South Wales Clinical Excellence Commission, Australia Gheorghe Peltecu, Filantropia Hospital, Romania
Wolfhart Puhl, European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Switzerland
Jane Reid, Association for Perioperative Practice, England Matthias Richter-Turtur, Chirurgie–Kreisklinik, Germany
Pascal Rod, International Federation of Nurse Anaesthetists, France
Hamid Rushwan, International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, England Christopher Russell, Royal College of Surgeons of England, England
Daniel Scheidegger, University of Basel, Switzerland Uwe Schulte-Sasse, Germany
J. Bryan Sexton, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States Peter Sikana, United Nations Population Fund, Sierra Leone
Michael Stark, New European Surgical Academy, Germany
MaryJo Steiert, Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, United States Grace Tang, Hong Kong Academy of Medicine, China
Bryce Taylor, University of Toronto, Canada
Gia Tomadze, Georgian Association of Transplantologists, Georgia Isabeau Walker, Great Ormond Street Hospital, England
David Whitaker, Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, England Eize Wielinga, Rijnland Hospital, Netherlands
David Wilkinson, Department of Anaesthesia, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, England David Wong, North American Spine Society, United States