Background of Case Studies

Chapter Eight: Cross - Case Analysis and Discussions

Introduction (8.1)

Background of case studies (8.2) Cross-case analysis (8.3)

Chapter Summary (8.4)

The research focuses on stakeholder management in PPP road/ bridge projects in Nigeria. Results of the findings are therefore within the Nigerian context. Before comparing the individual cases, this section presents the unique background of the case studies, project partners and the research participants.

8.2.1 Project Case Studies

The case studies are PPP tolled road transportation projects in Nigeria. Essential features and information of the project case studies are presented in Table 8-2. The first case study is

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a major road project initiated by a state government in Southern Nigeria, whereas the second case study is Bridge project owned by the federal government of Nigeria. While the first case study is a road project, the second case study is a bridge project and includes approach roads. The first case study is a brown field project which started in 2006; tolling of a section of the road commenced in December 2011 while construction is on-going on the remaining sections of the road. The second case study is a green field project; construction commenced in 2014 and estimated to be completed in 2018. In terms of length, the first case study is more than four times the size of the second case study.

Table 8-2 Background of Project Case Studies

Project characteristics Project case studies

First case study (Major Road Project) Second case study (A Bridge

Project)

Cost 137 billion Naira (US$450 million) 117.86 billion Naira

(US$385.2 million)

Type of PPP model Design Construct Finance Operate

and Transfer (DCFOT).

Design Build Finance Operate and Transfer (DBFOT).

Length of the Road/Bridge

6 lanes, 49.36Km Expressway. 6 lanes, 1.6km bridge and

10.3km approach and access roads.

Project type Brownfield Greenfield

Duration of Concession 30 years 25 years

Work Progress Some sections of the road have been

completed with 2 toll plazas. Construction is on-going on the remaining sections.

ESIA study completed. Construction started with piling works (early works)

Project Sponsor State Government Federal Government

8.2.2 Project Partners

The two project case studies comprise partners from public and private sector organisations. These organisations came together to finance and develop the projects. The public sector is the client organisations in both case studies. The first case study comprises the state government and a consortium of private sector organisations made up of seven different organisations. The second case study is a partnership agreement between the Federal Government (Federal Ministry of Works as a supervising ministry) and a consortium of a quasi-public sector organisation and a private company. However, there are differences in the composition of the SPV in the case studies. The SPV of the first case study is made up of only private sector organisations and consists of seven organisations, while the SPV of the second case study is a mixture of a quasi-public and private sector. Another difference between the case studies is in terms of the roles of the organisations within the SPV in the execution of the project. For the first case study, different private sector organisations of the SPV handle different aspects of construction and operation and maintenance. For example, one company is in charge of construction while another is responsible for procurement and

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management of toll equipment. In contrast, the private company in the second case study is in charge of all the stages of construction and operation and maintenance.

8.2.3 Background of Research Participants

A total of 23 participants were interviewed during the case studies involving internal and external stakeholders of both projects. Internal stakeholders for both case studies comprise the public and private sector officials. All public sectors’ officials in both case studies are senior officials of their respective organisations as shown in Table 8-3. Also, officials of the private sector hold similar position in both case studies. Similarly, external stakeholders in both case studies are leaders of their respective communities and organisations. The research participants were directly involved in the projects and part of the stakeholder management and engagement activities; hence their views and contributions provide insight to stakeholder management in PPP road transportation projects. Also, research participants’ views and contributions provide useful and valuable answers to the research questions.

Table 8-3 Breakdown of Research Participants

Project case study

Type of Stakeholder

Stakeholder ID Stakeholder Position

First case study (Major Road Project)

Internal

Public sector official 1 Senior Officer

Public sector official 2 Senior Engineer

Public sector official 3 Senior Officer

Public sector official 4 Senior Officer

Private sector official Senior Officer,

External

Community Rep 1 Community Chief

Community Rep 2 Chairman of a community association

Community Rep 3 Community leader

Community Rep 4 Community youth leader

Community Rep 5 Community leader

Second case study (A Bridge Project)

Internal

Public sector official 1 Assistant Director

Public sector official 2 Senior Officer

Public sector official 3 Director

Public sector official 4 Assistant Director

Private sector official Senior Officer

External

Community Rep 1 Community Chief

Community Rep 2 Community leader

Community Rep 3 Member of the community committee

Community Rep 4 Member of the community committee

Community Rep 5 Member of the community committee

Trade union 1 Chairman

Trade union 2 Chairman

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