The instruments used for collection of data in this study include GIS tools, Metre tape for ground trotting, Questionnaire, Observation, In-depth Interview, Walkthrough Inspection
and Telephone with the aid of eight field assistants, two of whom are specialists, while fifty-six were trained by researcher for two weeks.
4.6.1 Arc GIS(Geographic Information System)
GIS means geographic information system. It is a tool for data collection and a remote sensing that gets or captures information about a picture or object on the surface of the earth without getting or coming in contact with that particular object or picture, such as measurement of distance between serviced road and sited structure (road setbacks) from imagery without getting into contact with those objects (roads and structures)
GIS is also a problem solving tool, which can locate and measure any object on the surface of the earth. GIS also acquires, stores, processes, manipulates and analyzes data, without getting close to the object with the aid of its coordinates of X and Y axis which the object has equally.
Arc GIS 10.4 software was used to measure the distances between the serviced roads and sited structures.This was done with the help of two computer system specialists (field assistants). Also after the digital measurements which utilized imageries from remote sensing, there were proper field measurements with meter tapes by six assistants that were trained by researcher for ground-trotting,[to confirm what is obtained from the computer and find out whether there is deviation..
Also, Arc GIS was used to compute the distance between the serviced roads and sited structures.The steps for using Arc GIS 10.4 to measure the distance between sited structures and serviced roads are as follows:
Step 1 – Open Arc-GIS software and click on New
Step 2 – Import or add Data (imagery/satellite image) you want to work within, that is Awka Capital Territory Satellite Image (Map), then zoom it in order to see it very well (clear view)
Step 3 – Project the Pester for the Image to be projected.
Step 4 – Create shape files for the Roads you want to work on, that is Trunk A, B and C
103 Trunk A – Expressway (Federal Roads) Trunk B – Major Roads (State Roads) Trunk C – Minor/Street Roads (Local Roads)
Then add developments (Structures) like Residential, Commercial, Employment Area, Recreational, Educational, Religious, Utilities, Conservation, Health Institution, Industrial, Agriculture, Police Station and Barracks, among others.
Step 5 – Create folder (Benedicta‟s) for the work in catalog, right click on it, then go to new and click on shapefile for development and roads, then identify the feature type.
Step 6 – To Digitize the Roads, go to editor and click on start editing that contains save editing and stop editing, after that, go to create feature and click on the shape file you want to edit. Assuming you want to start with Express way, just check on Trunk A and click on the Starting point. If you click on Trunk A, the Cursor will automatically change to a tool for digitizing, then zoom it to starting point, when you get to starting point, you stop and double click on that point to digitize the roads for measurement.
Step 7 – To digitize the Development Feature, such as Residential, already, the shapefile is polygon feature and it is used to digitize buildings or shaped objects for measurement.
Step 8 – After digitizing, you go back to Editor and check save edits and stop editing.
Step 9 – Create Attribute table for the Development, just right click on the shapefile,
then go to open Attribute table, click on it and check on table, then click on Add field then put the necessary information needed and click OK, the start editing and put the information, e.g. Title of building i.e. Bank, Hospital etc.
4.6.2 Use of Metre Tape Rule for Ground Trotting
This was done with the help of six field assistants who measured some selected roads in Awka South. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the number of roads in Awka South and inference was drawn from it to other parts of ACT. Awka South was chosen, because all communities therein are partof Awka Capital Territory. The measurement was done for ground trotting so as to know if deviation is significant or not.
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Six field assistants were trained by the researcher for measured distancesof the sited structures in Awka South, though the inference was drawn from Awka South for other LGAs in the ACT. The six field assistants went to the field twice weekly and they did it within four months.
4.6.3 Questionnaire
A well structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the causes and effects of non-compliance from the public and professionals. The questions in this research instrument (questionnaire) were structured into four sections. Section Acentered on demographic characteristics. Five questions were listed for this section.
The second section (section B) centered on causes of non-compliance to road setbacks in the siting of structures in the study area. The questions that were designed centered on issues of rapid urbanization, population growth, corruption of planning officers, poverty, high cost of land acquisition, difficulty in land accessibility high cost of living, nonchalant attitudes of the government and other causes of non-compliance with road setbacks.
Section C assessed the implications/effects of non-compliance with road setbacks in the siting of structures in the area. The questions in this section concentrated on physical, social, economic and health effects, while section D centered on the development of an octadecagonal polygon template for professionals alone for proper management of non-compliance with road setbacks in ACT.
Fifty(50) field assistants were used to distribute and collect the questionnaire from the field. Six(6) of thefield assistants distributed forty-eight(48) questionnaire and were able to collect thirty-nine(39) in Anaocha L.G.A, eight(8) of the field assistants distributed and collected, sixty-four(64) and fifty-four(54) of the questionnaire respectively in Awka North L.G.A. Eighteen(18) field assistants distributed the instrument one hundred and forty-four(144) questionnaire and collected one hundred and seventeen(117) questionnaires in Awka South L.G.A. Eight(8) field assistants distributed sixty-four(64) and were able to collect fifty(50) from Dunukofia L.G.A. In Njikoka L.G.A, six(6) field assistants distributed number of forty-eight(48)questionnaire and were able to collect forty(40) while four(4) field assistants went to Orumba North L.G.A and distributed thirty-two(32) number of questionnaire and collected twenty-six(26) in number.
The distribution and collection of questionnaire took six months to finish the job. The researcher distributed to and collected the questionnaire from the professionals. The duration for both pilot
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survey for authentication and field survey together with their analysiswas thirteen months, that is from September 2016 to October 2017.
4.6.4 Walkthrough, Physical Inspection and Direct Observation
The study area was investigated by going to the field/site for field observations and reconnaissance survey.The results from these observations were recorded by the researcher and used to checkmate/confirm certain information that were received from the questionnaire and even remote sensing. It is through this observation that the researcher collected data for the drainage and the stage of drainage in ACT.
4.6.5 Interview
Personal interviews were scheduled. The use of this instrument helped to get responses from those who could not respond to the questionnaire items. This also acted as a check on the authenticity of the responses from the questionnaire. Telephone Surveys were also used to supplement the above instruments.