branches off the aortic arch The brachiocephalic trunk is normal and

branches into the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries normally. The left common carotid artery is normal. The left vertebral artery comes off the aortic arch

HEART

The right coronary artery is normal. The right marginal artery is normal. The posterior interventricular artery is normal and comes off the right coronary artery. The left coronary artery is normal. The left anterior descending artery is normal. The left diagonal artery is normal. The left marginal artery is normal. The left circumflex artery is normal.

FOREGUT

The celiac trunk gives off the splenic artery, the left gastric artery, and the

common hepatic artery normally. The splenic artery is normal, but its branches are cut so that the left gastro-omental artery cannot be found. The left gastric artery is normal. The celiac trunk was cut after the left gastric was given off, so it is only held to the trunk through some fascia. The celiac trunk gives off the left inferior phrenic artery. The common hepatic artery is normal. The common hepatic artery gives off the

gastroduodenal artery and then continues as the proper hepatic artery normally. Cannot find the branching of the left and right hepatic arteries off the proper hepatic artery. The

cystic artery comes off the gastroduodenal artery. The right gastro-omental artery

comes off the gastroduodenal artery normally. The right gastric artery comes off the

gastroduodenal artery. It is cut where it branches from the gastroduodenal artery, but

you can match the lumens for it. The supraduodenal artery branches normally from the gastroduodenal artery. Cannot find the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery.

MIDGUT

The SMA and its branches are normal. The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is cut. The jejunal and ileal arteries are normal. There is a common stem for the middle

colic and right colic arteries. The ileocolic artery is normal. HINDGUT

The IMA and its branches are normal. The left colic artery is cut. The sigmoid arteries are normal. The superior rectal artery is normal.

RIGHT RENAL

The right renal artery branches normally from the abdominal aorta. It bifurcates as it reaches the kidney. The middle suprarenal artery is normal and comes from the

abdominal aorta. Cannot find the inferior suprarenal artery.

LEFT RENAL

The left renal artery branches normally from the abdominal aorta. Middle suprarenal artery comes off the abdominal aorta normally. Cannot find the inferior suprarenal artery.

BRAIN

The Circle of Willis is normal. The anterior, middle, and cerebral arteries are normal, though the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries are smaller on the right side. The anterior and posterior communicating arteries are normal. The basilar artery is normal.

RIGHT CAROTIDS

The common carotid bifurcates normally into the internal and external carotids. The internal and external carotids got cut right after they bifurcate so cannot see any of the branches coming off the external carotid. Can see a little bit of the facial artery in the chin but gets cut. The ophthalmic artery from the ICA is normal.

LEFT CAROTIDS

The left common carotid is normal and bifurcates into the internal and external common carotids normally. The internal carotid is normal but is cut shortly after bifurcation. The external carotid has a branch right after it is given it off, making the carotid body look like a trifurcation. The branch was cut but was probably the ascending pharyngeal. The superior thyroid artery is normal. Cannot find the facial or lingual arteries.

RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN

The vertebral artery is normal. The thyrocervical trunk and the internal

thoracic artery came off a common trunk. The dorsal scapular artery is normal and

comes off the subclavian. The rest of the branches are cut off.

LEFT SUBCLAVIAN

Left subclavian got badly damaged during dissection and all the branches were cut off. Have 2 lumens on the artery that show that the thyrocervical trunk and the

RIGHT UPPER EXTREMITY

Axillary artery is normal. Thoracoacromial trunk is normal. Lateral thoracic artery is normal. Subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery, and thoracodorsal arteries are normal. Anterior circumflex humeral is good, but there are multiples of it. Posterior circumflex humeral artery cannot be found. The axillary artery continues normally as the brachial artery. Deep brachial artery is normal. Cannot find ulnar collateral arteries. The radial and ulnar arteries branch normally in the cubital fossa and continue normally into the hand. Cannot find interosseous arteries. Superficial palmar arch is normal.

LEFT UPPER EXTREMITY

Axillary artery is normal. Superior thoracic artery is normal. Thoracoacromial trunk is normal. Lateral thoracic artery cannot be found. Subscapular artery, circumflex scapular artery, and thoracodorsal artery are normal. Posterior circumflex humeral is normal, but anterior circumflex humeral is cut. The axillary artery continues normally as the brachial artery. Deep brachial artery is normal. Superior ulnar collateral artery is normal, inferior ulnar collateral artery cannot be found. The brachial artery branches normally to the ulnar and radial arteries and they continue normally into the hand. The common interosseous artery is normal but cannot see it branch into anterior or posterior interosseous arteries. Superficial palmar arch is normal.

RIGHT ILIAC

The common iliac is normal and branches into the internal and external iliacs normally. The internal iliac is normal and bifurcates into the anterior and posterior divisions.

Anterior division: no clear trunk, just lots of branches coming off at once. Cannot find the obturator artery. The umbilical artery is normal and gives rise to the superior vesicle arteries. Have an inferior vesicle branch. There is a branch given off that goes to the anterior pelvic wall by the pubic symphysis. The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior division and is normal.

Posterior division: the superior gluteal artery is normal. Superior gluteal artery

bifurcates and gives off the inferior gluteal artery. Have 2 lateral sacral branches. The

iliolumbar comes off the posterior division normally.

External iliac is normal. The inferior epigastric artery is normal. It bifurcates, and its other branch goes down the obturator canal. Cannot find the deep circumflex iliac.

LEFT ILIAC

Common iliac is normal and bifurcated into the internal and external iliacs normally. The internal iliac bifurcates into the anterior and posterior divisions normally.

Anterior division: has a normal branching pattern of one long trunk with everything coming off it. Umbilical artery is normal and gives rise to superior and inferior vesicle arteries. The obturator artery is normal and gives off the middle rectal artery. The obturator makes an anastomosis with the external iliac via a branch of

the inferior epigastric that goes through the obturator canal. terminates by

bifurcating into the inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries, both of which are normal.

Posterior division: The superior gluteal artery is normal and gives rise to the iliolumbar artery and the lateral sacral artery, both of which are normal.

The internal iliac is normal. Inferior epigastric is normal, bifurcates and its other branch goes through the obturator canal. No deep circumflex iliac.

RIGHT LOWER EXTREMITY

Femoral artery is normal. Deep femoral is normal and comes off the femoral artery postero-laterally. Lateral circumflex femoral artery comes off a common trunk

with the deep femoral. There is some controversy about this though because it is a

common trunk in some literature, but not in every paper. Medial circumflex femoral cannot be found. Femoral artery continues through the adductor hiatus normally. Cannot see genicular arteries. Anterior and posterior tibials are normal. Fibular artery is normal. Cannot see dorsalis pedis.

LEFT LOWER EXTREMITY

Femoral artery is normal. Lateral circumflex femoral artery comes off the femoral artery. Have a common trunk for the descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery and the lateral circumflex femoral artery itself. Deep femoral artery is normal, but has a high branch point, right by the border of the ilioinguinal ligament. It branches off the femoral artery laterally before diving posteriorly under the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Medial circumflex femoral artery comes off the deep femoral, superior to the branch point for the lateral circumflex femoral. The femoral artery

continues through the adductor hiatus normally. Anterior tibial is normal and dorsalis pedis is normal. Posterior tibial is normal. Cannot see fibular artery.

Figure 17: Percent frequency of arterial variants observed in body donor, CVDLMFZ. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Aortic Arch Corona ry Ar teries Foreg ut Midg ut Hindgut Right Rena l Left Rena l Brain Right Carot ids Left Carot ids Right Subc lavian Left Subc lavian Right UE Left UE Right Supr arena ls and Phr enic Left Supr arena ls and phreni c Gona dal Right Iliac Left Iliac Right LE Left LE Pe rc ent Fr eque nc y Area of Variation