Complementary and Alternative Therapies
PART A a. Capsule
b. Elixir
c. Liniment d. Lotion e. Ointment
f. Tablet g. Pill h. Powder
i. Solution j. Suppository k. Suspension
l. Syrup
m. Enteric coated PART B
1. Small, solid dose of medication;
compressed or molded; may be any size or shape, or enteric coated
2. Powder or gel form of an active drug enclosed in a gelatinous container 3. Medication mixed with alcohol, oil, or
soap, which is rubbed on the skin 4. Finely divided, undissolved particles in a
liquid medium; should be shaken before use
5. Medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavoring 6. An easily melted medication preparation
in a firm base, such as gelatin, that is inserted into the body
7. Drug particles in a solution for topical use
8. Mixture of a powdered drug with a cohesive material; may be round or oval
9. A drug dissolved in another substance 10. Single drug or mixture of finely ground
drugs
11. Medication combined with water and sugar solution
12. Tablet or pill that prevents stomach irritation
Match the types of injections listed in Part A with their injection site listed in Part B.
PART A
a. Subcutaneous injection b. Intramuscular injection c. Intradermal injection d. Intravenous injection e. Intra-arterial injection
f. Intracardial injection g. Intraperitoneal injection h. Intraspinal injection
i. Intraosseous injection PART B
13. Corium
14. Bone
15. Muscle tissue 16. Artery 17. Heart tissue
18. Vein
19. Peritoneal cavity 20. Subcutaneous tissue SHORT ANSWER
1. List three categories for drug classification.
a.
b.
c.
2. Explain the following processes by which drugs alter cell physiology.
a. Drug–receptor interactions:
b. Drug–enzyme interactions:
3. Give an example of how the following factors affect drug action.
a. Developmental stage of patient:
b. Weight:
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c. Sex:
d. Genetic and cultural factors:
e. Psychological factors:
f. Pathology:
g. Environment:
h. Time of administration:
4. Give three examples of situations in which you would question a medical order.
a.
b.
c.
5. Briefly describe the following three types of medication supply systems.
a. Stock supply system:
b. Individual supply system:
c. Unit-dose system:
6. List the three checks and five rights of admin-istering medication.
a. Three checks:
b. Five rights:
7. Your patient tells you she refuses to take the medication prescribed for her because it tastes “disgusting.” List three techniques you could use to mask the taste.
a.
b.
c.
8. Explain how the following factors would affect the type of equipment a nurse would choose for an injection.
a. Route of administration:
b. Viscosity of the solution:
c. Quantity to be administered:
d. Body size:
e. Type of medication:
9. List four steps that should be followed when a medication error occurs.
a.
b.
c.
d.
10. Describe the use of the following types of prepackaged medications.
a. Ampules:
b. Vials:
c. Prefilled cartridges:
174 UNIT VI ACTIONS BASIC TO NURSING CARE
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:
The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition.
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CHAPTER 29 MEDICATIONS 175
11. Transcribe the following medication orders on the patient medication record below and sign for the medications you would administer in a 24-hour period. Be prepared to discuss administration guidelines.
Tenormin, 50 mg, PO od HydroDIURIL, 50 mg, PO od
NPH Insulin U100, 45 units SQ daily in AM
Regular Insulin U100, 10 units SQ stat Cipro, 500 mg, PO q12h
Timoptic 0.25% gtt OD bid Dalmane, 30 mg, PO hs, prn
Nitro-paste 1⁄2inch, q8h to chest wall Tylenol with codeine #2, PO q4h, prn Colace, 100 mg, PO od
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176 UNIT VI ACTIONS BASIC TO NURSING CARE
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:
The Art and Science of Nursing Care, 7th Edition.
Method Xanax Zantac Cipro
Dosage
Route of administration
Frequency/schedule
Desired effects
Possible adverse effects
Signs and symptoms of toxic drug effects
Special instructions
Recommended course of action with problems
12.You are preparing Jim Toole for discharge. He will be taking the following medications at home: Xanax, Zantac, and Cipro. Use the chart below to identify the information you will need to teach him about these medications. Use a pharmacology text for medication information.
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CHAPTER 29 MEDICATIONS 177
APPLYING YOUR KNOWLEDGE
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1. Think about your responsibilities when administering medication and then describe how you would respond in the following situations:
a. A physician who is in a hurry prescribes a medication for your patient. After he leaves, you read the order and don’t under-stand why your patient would need the medication prescribed. Because you are legally responsible for medications admin-istered, what would you do?
b. You bring a medication to a patient, who tells you, “That’s not my pill.” What would you do?
2. Medication errors are not uncommon and may be lethal. Interview several nurses about their experiences with errors and what contributes to them. Think about how nurses individually and collectively can act to reduce errors. Develop a plan with your classmates to help minimize these errors.
REFLECTIVE PRACTICE USING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
Use the following expanded scenario from Chapter 29 in your textbook to answer the questions below.
Scenario: François Baptiste is an elderly man with a wound infection requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy. He is scheduled to receive his next dose at 10 a.m. The medication deliv-ered by the pharmacy is labeled with the correct drug and dose, but with another patient’s name. The nurse checks the patient identifica-tion band, and notes that it does not match the medication label.
1. How might the nurse use blended nursing skills to respond to this medication error.
2. What would be a successful outcome for this patient?
3. What intellectual, technical, interpersonal, and/or ethical/legal competencies are most likely to bring about the desired outcome?
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178
PRACTICING FOR NCLEX
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Circle the letter that corresponds to the best choice for each question.
1. Which of the following types of anesthesia is administered by injecting a local anesthetic around a nerve trunk supplying the area of surgery?
a. Nerve block b.Subdural block c. Surface anesthesia
d.Local infiltration with lidocaine 2. When obtaining a consent form from a
patient scheduled to undergo surgery, the nurse should consider which of the following facts?
a. A consent form is legal, even if the patient is confused or sedated.
b.The form that is signed is not a legal docu-ment and would not hold up in court.
c. In emergency situations, the doctor may obtain consent over the telephone.
d.The responsibility for securing informed consent from the patient lies with the nurse.
3. A 9-month-old baby is scheduled for heart surgery. When preparing this patient for surgery, the nurse should consider which of the following surgical risks associated with infants?
a. Prolonged wound healing
b.Potential for hypothermia or hyperthermia
c. Congestive heart failure d.Gastrointestinal upset
4. Mr. Lemke, age 42, is scheduled for elective hernia surgery. While taking a medical history for Mr. Lemke, you find out he is taking antibiotics for an infection. To which of the following surgical risks would Mr. Lemke be predisposed because of his use of antibiotics?
a. Hemorrhage
b.Electrolyte imbalances c. Cardiovascular collapse d.Respiratory paralysis
5. When preparing a patient who has diabetes mellitus for surgery, the nurse should be aware of which of the following potential surgical risks associated with this disease?
a. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance b.Slow wound healing
c. Respiratory depression from anesthesia d.Altered metabolism and excretion of
drugs
6. Mr. Pete is an obese 62-year-old man scheduled for heart surgery. Which of the following surgi-cal risks related to obesity should be considered when performing an assessment for this patient?
a. Delayed wound healing and wound infection
b.Alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance c. Respiratory distress
d.Hemorrhage