Since Seoul Metropolitan Government began to provide 'Seoul Parking Information' Service through smartphone app and its website in Nov. 2013, around 50,000 Seoul citizens have used the parking service (22,571 downloads for mobile app and 25,612 visits to the website) until May. ‘Seoul Parking Information’ service provides ▴the information on all parking places in Seoul (e.g., location, parking lot, operating hours,
38 parking fee); ▴ real-time information on available parking spaces; ▴ automatic navigation-connection based directional map service, and other kinds of parking information in Seoul. With the service, users can find the information on 2,118 parking places (253,242 lots) and search for their neighboring parking places. In the case of 80 public parking places (15,244 lots) in Seoul City Hall and Cheonggyeocheon-ro, users can find the number of available parking lots in real time.
In the past, it was hard for drivers to find the location of a neighboring parking place and a parking fee while their driving so that they roamed around blindly to find a proper parking lot or an available space. As a result, people often arrived later than their appointment time or parked illegally. However, since the Seoul Parking Information Service, drivers can easily find their nearby parking space. The service provides various kinds of information in real time, including nearby parking places, the total number of parking lots, a parking fee, a discount, operating hours, and photos of parking places.
Also, with the service, users can search for the directional maps about the parking lots being opened out of their business hours, current free parking spaces, and free parking places on holidays, and can use automatic navigation-connection service to get to their destination.
Wen a user chooses a destination parking place in the app and presses navigation icon (NAVI↶), the app automatically interacts with the navigation app installed in a smartphone to show the route from a start point to a destination point and the information on a parking place.
The Seoul Parking Information smartphone app can freely be downloaded at Google's Play Store, Olleh Market, Apple's App Store, T Store, and U+ Store. More information on the Seoul Parking Information Service can be found at the website (http://parking.seoul.go.kr) and the mobile website (parking.seoul.go.kr/mobile).
[Fig. 16] GIS information of Residential Parking Permit Program
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of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport
Since 2011, the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Marine Affairs has established the platform for spatial information in an open platform type, made 2D & 3D maps of national spatial information, and opened V- World portal site to provide relevant information freely. The data include image maps of Korea (25-50cm), the world(15m), submarine topography (500m), and the North Korea(1m), 3D buildings and topographies (the world), administrative cadastral maps(official land price, land use status, etc.) and thematic maps(purpose region/district/section, urban region, development restricted section, etc.).
From the users' perspective, the spatial information is convenient. However, such service provided by the government can infringe private firms' market opportunities.
The government also recognized the problem with the government-led open data provision, and now tries to come up with relevant rules. As a general principle, the government tries to open public data and support fair competition in market, and the private sector freely uses open data to develop services in fair competition. In the process, the government does not pursue profitability but gives benefit to the private sector, and develops and provides only the service which will not be developed voluntarily by private firms. In the planning stage of service development and provision, the government tries to collect opinions from private enterprises and experts, perform preliminary evaluation through the joint meeting of the private and public sectors. Also, in the budget planning stage, it tries to conduct validity survey.
[Fig. 17] GIS information of Residential Parking Permit Program
Source : V-World Portal Site of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transportation (http://www.vworld.kr/po_main.do)
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Section 6. Conclusion
This report analyzed Korean open data policies and institutional frameworks to promote open data The purpose of this study on the basis of case study. As mentioned earlier, the Public Information Policy Division of the Ministry of Security and Public Administration takes charge of opening a variety of the country's public information to the public who can use them easily and conveniently and operates Public Data Portal and Public Information Support Center.
As shown in Section 2, the Bulgarian government is newly conscious of the issue of open data and tries to set up a strategic direction of open data. However, the country has some obstacles: lack of open data system and recognition; absence of investigating the current status of public data retention in the government-wide dimension; and weak force to open public data. To solve the problems, it is necessary to conduct case study on the Korean government's open data policies and its integrated management system of open data.
Section 3 analyzed the Korean government's open data policies. In the beginning, the Korean government also has poor organizations and functions to support open data comprehensively. Now it chose 15 strategic kinds of open data and established governance under the supervision of the Prime Minister, and now supports public data portal and life-cycle based support project to help private enterprises use the government's open data.
Given the analysis in section 3, in Bulgaria where there is low recognition of open data and a lack of relevant infrastructure, it is necessary to first establish and operate an organization which will comprehensively manage and support open data, and open quality public data through the infrastructure overhaul and quality improvement; as a core strategy, one-stop start-up support program which will lead an open data based creative idea into a business should be performed to promote the weak eco-system of open data. Therefore, it is important for the Bulgarian government to perform open data policies and cooperate with the private sector. As shown in the case study, the government-led service provision may infringe the private sector's market opportunities. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to raise its awareness of open data from the market perspective, although it is important to create an easy start-up environment and make a market early. Based on this research, the following four suggestions are made for the Bulgarian government.
The first one is to select strategic kinds of open data. The Korean government chose 15 core kinds of open data to intensively open such data, and then gradually expanded and improved open data kinds. Therefore, the Bulgarian government also needs to survey the people's demands of open data and collect experts' opinions in various areas before selecting step-wise strategic kinds of open data. In this case, it is also necessary to establish the monitoring system according to each kinds of open data in order to find the effect of open data and something to be improved in real time.
The second one is to operate a portal.
Before numerous government departments and offices open public data spontaneously, the central government needs to establish a single-window based open portal to enable users to easily open data and post their opinions. As mentioned earlier, in Korea, there is a platform which is freely accessed by the private and public sectors, monitors the status of open data and allows users to searcher for public data easily.
41 The third one is to operate a test project.
In the initial market, in order for the private sector to use open data to start their business, the government needs to perform a test project with its financial support. To create the eco-system of open data, it is important for the government to support various kinds of open data seminars and open data based start- ups contest, give R&D financial support in the initial stage, promote new business models.
The fourth one is to operate the joint consultive group of the private and public sectors (to prevent the public sector from infringing the private market)
One of the most significant principles of open data is that the private sector should lead the relevant market and the government should remain as an information provider and give its least intervention. The government is a data creator and has an edge over the private sector in terms of budget and market control. There were many Korean cases where the government intervened in the market and made an infringement by using its prominent position. Its intervention can give bad influence on the whole industry and consequently the government can become the best benefactor of open data. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the private-and public-sectors joint consultive group which will be able to monitor improper interventions and convey the private sector's demands to the government.
Reflecting the Bulgarian government's requirements, this research was conducted in the way of providing a benching marking opportunity. Although those concerned in the Bulgarian government were invited to visit Korea to experience the opportunity of bench marketing of Seoul Metropolitan Government and Korean enterprises; and the initial, intermediate and final reports were submitted to the Bulgarian government, there were some limitations in analyzing open data policies in detail together with the Bulgarian government because of geographical issue. And AS-IS and TO-BE methodologies, which are generally used for the introduction of informationization business, failed to be applied, since the Bulgarian government made its own requirements in advance. Nevertheless, to get this consulting into actual business, it is required to come up with a follow-up cooperation measure.