Introduction: In the SBI PO exam, there can be questions based on the Cause and Effect relationship and the candidates are asked to identify the relationship. These type of questions are asked to test the candidate’s analytical skill.
Here, we will practice few questions on the Cause and Effect relationship.
The cause is the event that makes the other occur and the effect is the event that follows from the cause. The questions based on the cause and effect reasoning are basically designed to analyze the candidate’s ability to understand a pair of statements and to correlate them in terms of cause and effect.
The following solved examples will help you to get a clear understanding of this question type.
Directions (Q.1-2): In each of the following questions, two statements numbered I and II are given. There may be cause and effect relationship between the two statements. These two statements may be the effect of the same cause or independent causes. These statements may be independent causes without having any relationship. Read both the statements in each question and mark your answer accordingly.
Give your answer as:
(a) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
(b) If statement II is the cause and statement I is the effect.
(c) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
(d) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
(e) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Ex.1 I. There is unprecedented increase in the number of young unemployed in comparison to the previous year.
II. A large number of candidates submitted applications against an advertisement for the post of manager issued by bank.
Solution: (a) There is a huge increase in the number of unemployed young people, so that a large number of candidates is applying for a single post.
Ex.2 I. The private Engineering colleges have increased the tuition fees in the current year by 100% over the last year’s fees to meet the expenses.
II. The Government Engineering Colleges have not increased their fees in spite of price escalation.
107 SBI PO Exam Study Package
Solution: (c) There is no change in the fees of the Government Engineering colleges, but the increase in the fees of the private engineering colleges seems to be policy matters undertaken by the individual decisive boards at the two levels.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Directions: Below in each question are given two statements (I) and (II). These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause.
One of these statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements.
Mark (A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Mark (B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Mark (C) If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
Mark (D) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
Mark (E) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common causes.
1.
I. Many schools in the district are closed down this year.
II. Severe draught situation gripped the state resulting into acute shortage of drinking water.
2.
I. A ban on the use of plastic products has been imposed.
II. Small scale units producing plastic products are on the verge of closure.
3.
I. Police had launched a crackdown on all the criminal activities in the locality last month.
II. There has been a significant decline in the cases of criminal activities in the locality.
4.
I. A large number of devotees visited the shrine on Sunday.
II. Every Sunday special prayers are offered.
108 SBI PO Exam Study Package 5.
I. The government has empowered the Village Panchayats to settle cases of land disputes in the villages.
II. There has been significant reduction in the number of criminal cases in the district court.
6.
I. The average day temperature of Delhi has increased by about 2°C in the current year over the average of last 10 years.
II. More people living in rural areas of the state have started migrating to the urban areas in comparison to earlier years.
7.
I. Many shopkeepers have closed their shops for the second continuous day.
II. Two groups of people have been fighting with each other with bricks and stones and forcing people to stay indoors.
8.
I. The Govt has decided to increase the prices of LPG gas cylinders with immediate effect.
II. The govt has decided to increase the price of petrol and diesel with immediate effect.
9.
I. A cyclone is expected to hit the coastal areas within next 24 hours.
II. Warning has been issued that heavy rains are expected in the coastal areas in the next 24 hours.
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I. A majority of the first year students failed in Mathematics.
II. The management has terminated the service of the contractual mathematics teacher.
11.
I. Taliban is now trying to capture other areas, after its success in Swat valley.
II. Pakistan government is decided to fight against the Taliban.
12.
I. There was a huge rush of people to the temple on 15th and 16th of the month.
II. The temple authority had decided to close down the temple for repairs from 17th of the month.
13.
I. Large number of people living in the low lying areas has been evacuated during the last few days to safer places.
II. The Government has rushed in relief supplies to the people living in low lying areas.
14.
I. The Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country.
II. The small banks in the private and co-operative sector in India are not in a position to withstand the competitions of the bigger banks in the public sector.
15.
I. The prices of petrol and diesel in the domestic market have remained unchanged for the past few months.
II. The crude oil prices in the International market have gone up substantially in the last few months.
110 SBI PO Exam Study Package 16.
I. The performance of Indian sports persons in the recent Olympics could not reach the level of expectation the country had on them.
II. The performance of Indian sports person in the last Asian games was far better than any previous games.
17.
I. The university officers have decided to conduct last examination every year in March/April in order to announce the result at proper time.
II. In past, the result was declared late by the University due to the lack of number of examiners.
18.
I. The State Government has announced special tax package for the new industries to be set-up in the State.
II. Last year the State Government had hiked the taxes for all industrial activities in the State.
19.
I. The government has allowed private airline companies in India to operate to overseas destinations.
II. The national air carrier has increased its flights to overseas destinations.
20.
I. The Government has imported large quantities of groundnut from other countries.
II. The price of groundnut in the domestic market has fallen sharply.
111 SBI PO Exam Study Package statements are the effects of independent causes.
2. Ans. (a) clearly, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
3. Ans. (a) clearly, decline in criminal activity is the result of Police activity.
4. Ans. (b) devotees visited shrine on Sunday because special prayers are offered every Sunday.
5. Ans. (d) there cases of land are civil cases, and village panchayats have been empowered to settle civil cases; and there is no link between civil and criminal cases. Both statements are independent effects.
6. Ans. (d) the increase in temp is due to some reason say climate change or pollution but that has no link to migration of people. They might be migrating because of n number of reasons poverty, jobs, social issues, disease… So clearly I & II are effects whose causes are independent.
7. Ans. (b) clearly because of chaos the shopkeeper have been forced to stay indoors and cannot open shops. So the cause is the conflict and effect is closing of shops.
8. Ans. (e) Govt has decided to raise the price of LPG, Diesel and Petrol also but reason is not given here but surely the reason will be same because they all belong to same category – i.e. fuels.
9. Ans. (a) Cyclone is expected to hit the coastal region so warning has been issued that there might be heavy rains.
112 SBI PO Exam Study Package
10. Ans. (a) since all the students failed, the Management no longer wanted this teacher, so it terminated its services. Again Because of statement I(cause), statement II was taken into action (effect).
11. Ans. (a) clearly, Pakistan’s action (Effect) is a result of Taliban’s activity (Cause).
12. Ans. (b) since the temple authority had decided to close down the temple for repairs from 17th of the month, hence, there was a huge rush of people to the temple on 15th & 16th of the month.
13. Ans. (e) clearly, both the statements are effects of some common cause.
14. Ans. (b) as, the small banks in the private and co-operation sector in India are not in a position to withstand the competitions of the bigger banks in the public sector, therefore, the Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country.
15. Ans. (c) clearly, both are independent causes.
16. Ans. (e) both the statements are effects of some common cause as both are talking of performance of Indian Sports Persons.
17. Ans. (b) since in the past the result was declared late by university, it has decided to conduct the examination in March/April in order to announce the result at proper time.
18. Ans. (b) due to hike of taxes last year, the State Government has announced special tax package the new industries to be set up in the State.
19. Ans. (a) when private airlines will operate overseas, the frequency of national flights to overseas destinations will increase.
20. Ans. (a) since the Government has imported large quantities of groundnut, its price has fallen.
113 SBI PO Exam Study Package