In this chapter, the researcher discussed the systems theory as the underlining theory to offer an explanation of the criminal justice system this became imperative taking into cognisance that various agencies and institutions of the criminal justice system are dependent on one another and work together towards achieving a common goal of administration of justice. In addition, this chapter defined the concept of the criminal justice system, reviewed the origin of the criminal justice system, described the components of the criminal justice system, and the government structure. Furthermore, an explanation of the criminal justice system, the components of the criminal justice system and the process in the United State of America, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and France was made. Likewise, a similar exercise was conducted for some African countries namely South Africa, Kenya and Francophone countries. It was observed that the criminal justice system of this countries are similar and is composed of the police, judiciary and the prisons. With regards to the African countries, they derive their pattern from the colonial masters
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53 Chapter Three
Historical Development of Punishment 3.1 Introduction
This chapter highlighted the concept of imhistorical development of imprisonment and punishment, tracing the history of punishment from the primitive society to Hammurabi's code biblical era, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and transportation of prisoners as a way of punishment. This chapter also identified early reformers and their contributions, the development of prisons in America. Furthermore, the philosophy of punishment was also enumerated as well as the various theories that have been used to explain the rationale behind the punishment.
The underlying principle of this chapter is to give an insight of the origin of imprisonment with a view to giving us an understanding of where we are coming from and other major developments. This will offer us an opportunity to have a better understanding of current situations in prison all over the world in general and Africa in particular.