The p r e c e d i n g p a r a g r a p h s have d e s c r i b e d t h e e v e n t s and p r o c e s s e s wh ic h u n d e r p i n n e d t h e emergence o f h ou s eh ol d p r o d u c t i o n i n w h i c h m e r c h an ts r a t h e r t h a n i n d u s t r i a l i s t s c o n t r o l l e d p r o d u c t i o n . The i n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n o f t a n n i n g had c o n s o l i d a t e d t h e r o l e o f l o c a l m e r c h a n t s s u p p l y i n g
h o u s e h o l d p r o d u c e r s ; and t h e emergence o f t o u r i s t m a r k e t s s e e k i n g e s s e n t i a l l y hand-made and e x o t i c c o m m o d i t i e s had a c t e d t o r e i n f o r c e a s t r u c t u r e o f a r t i s a n a l , h o u s e h o l d - b a s e d p r o d u c t i o n . As we have seen, h ow ev e r, t h e re sp on se t o t h e s e p r a c t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s was i n f o r m e d by e n t r e p r e n e u r s ' and p r o d u c e r s ' u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e p o l i t i c a l w o r l d whi ch t h e y i n h a b i t e d . In t h e p o s t - r e v o l u t i o n a r y e r a t h e new n a t i o n a l s t a t e and i t s i n s t i t u t i o n s had been i r r e v o c a b l y l i n k e d w i t h t h e " d e s t r u c t i v e " a c t i o n s o f t h e Cardenas and t h e i r e n t o u r a g e w i t h i n t h e r e g i o n . I n t h e s p h e r e o f m a n u f a c t u r e t h i s v i e w had been a l l t o o c l e a r l y c o r r o b o r a t e d ; and memory o f t h e sombrero f i a s c o s e r v e d t o r e mi nd b o t h e n t r e p r e n e u r s and p r o d u c e r s o f t h e f o l l y o f p r o d u c t i v e i n t e g r a t i o n and e x p a n s i o n .
Sahuayan e n t r e p r e n e u r s were above a l l c o nc e rn e d t o a v o i d
e m b r o i l m e n t w i t h t h e s t a t e , w i t h a l l t h a t t h i s had come t o s i g n i f y i n t e r m s o f t h e e r o s i o n o f p o l i t i c a l and economi c c o n t r o l o v e r p r o d u c t i v e a c t i v i t y . W i t h i n t h e huarache s e c t o r a v e r t i c a l s t r u c t u r e w i t h i n wh i ch e n t r e p r e n e u r s d e a l t d i r e c t l y w i t h a t o m i z e d h ou s e h o l d p r o d u c e r s was c l e a r l y b e n e f i c i a l . The p o t e n t i a l f o r l a b o u r o r g a n i z a t i o n was c o n t a i n e d , and t h e economic c o s t s o f m a i n t a i n i n g a f u l l - t i m e l a b o u r f o r c e a v o i d e d . Huarache p r o d u c t i o n had t h u s r emained h o u s e h o l d - b a s e d , c o n c e a l e d and
beyond t h e re ac h o f s t a t e c o n t r o l .
As d i s c u s s e d i n t h e p r e v i o u s c h a p t e r , e n t r e p r e n e u r s a l s o s o u g h t t o c o nc e a l t h e e x t e n t o f t h e i r w e a l t h - as w e l l as t h e r i s k s i n h e r e n t i n an u n s t a b l e w o r l d - t h r o u g h t h e d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n o f economi c a c t i v i t i e s and T r u j i l l o and Luna were no e x c e p t i o n t o t h i s r u l e . Don Jesus was i n v o l v e d i n t h e p r o d u c t i o n and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f l e a t h e r and r e l a t e d m a t e r i a l s a c r o s s an a re a wh i ch went f a r beyond t h e c o n f i n e s o f t h e l o c a l economy. He s u p p l i e d h i d e s w h o l e s a l e t o p e l e t e r i a s i n G u a d a l a j a r a , where he had e s t a b l i s h e d a second o u t l e t . In a d d i t i o n he owned a g r e a t deal o f p r o p e r t y , much o f i t on t h e h i g h l y v a l u a b l e hi g hwa y a t t h e edge o f t h e t o w n , and t r a d e d i n a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t s such as ani mal f o d d e r , meat and v e g e t a b l e s . The Lunas had a h i s t o r y o f d i v e r s e a c t i v i t y , and
b r a nc h es o f t h e f a m i l y l i v e d p e r m a n e n t l y i n Me xi co C i t y , G u a d a l a j a r a and t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . L o c a l l y t h e Lunas owned a h a u l a g e company - h i g h l y p r o f i t a b l e i n a zone where t r a d e i n ani mal f o d d e r and o t h e r a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o d u c t s was e x t e n s i v e - and t h e f a m i l y owned p r o p e r t y i n Sahuayo,
Me xi co C i t y and t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s .
But t h e p r e v a l e n c e o f h o u s e h o l d - b a s e d p r o d u c t i o n was n o t s i m p l y t h e consequence o f p r o d u c e r s ' s u b o r d i n a t i o n t o e n t r e p r e n e u r i a l
i n t e r e s t s . H ua rac he ro s t h e m s e l v e s p r e f e r r e d t o wo rk i n t h e i r own h o u s e h o l d w o r k s h op s . From t h e b e g i n n i n g p r o d u c e r s had n o t been w h o l l y d ep end ent on e n t r e p r e n e u r s t o s e l l t h e s a n d a l s t h e y p r odu ce d and t h i s had e x e r t e d an i m p o r t a n t i n f l u e n c e o v e r t h e h u a r a c h e r o s . D u r i n g phases o f e x p a n s i o n ( i n p a r t i c u l a r d u r i n g t h e 1940s and t h e 1970s) e n t r e p r e n e u r s had g ai n ed c o n t r o l o v e r t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f most o f t h e s a n d a l s pro du ce d i n t h e t o w n. N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e p o s s i b i l i t y f o r i n d e p e n d e n t m a r k e t i n g had e x i s t e d t h r o u g h o u t . Once an i n d i v i d u a l h u a r a c h e r o had managed t o e s t a b l i s h a w o r k s h o p , t h e p o t e n t i a l f o r r e a l i z i n g p r o f i t f r o m s a l e s was t h e r e and as f o r t h c o m i n g c h a p t e r s w i l l d e m o n s t r a t e , h ou s eh ol d p r o d u c e r s were f r e q u e n t l y a b l e t o g e n e r a t e i ncomes t h a t were h i g h r e l a t i v e t o o t h e r f or ms o f economic a c t i v i t y i n t h e t o w n .
F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e sombrero s t r i k e and i t s c onsequences had f a r - r e a c h i n g i m p l i c a t i o n s f o r t h e s t r u c t u r e and o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e l a b o u r f o r c e i n Sahuayo. From t h e p e r s p e c t i v e o f t h e w o r k i n g p o p u l a t i o n , t h e sombrero w o r k e r s ' a t t e m p t a t c o l l e c t i v e o r g a n i z a t i o n had d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t r a t h e r t h a n i m p r o v i n g l a b o u r p r a c t i c e s , e x p l i c i t l y p o l i t i c a l s t r u g g l e had r e s u l t e d i n t h e d i s m a n t l i n g o f t h e f a c t o r y and a d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f t h e t er ms and c o n d i t i o n s o f l a b o u r . The e n t r e p r e n e u r s o r f a b r i c a n t e s , who had remai ned i n c o n t r o l o f a p o r t i o n o f t h e t o t a l volume o f p r o d u c t i o n i n t h e t o w n, were e m b i t t e r e d and a n t a g o n i s t i c