Click Configure system time and the recorder time System clock dialog opens (Figure 2.59)

A warning appears (Figure 2.60).

Figure 2.60 System Clock Warning

3. Click Yes.

Input Channels Use this to set up the recorder input channel(s) parameters. For TR100 recorders, Analog channels, Digital Channels, Phase groups and frequency channels are configurable. For TR2000, TR100+ & PQR recorders line groups are also configurable, i.e. the combination of the voltage and current for a particular line or feeder.

The Input Channel Selection window has six possible sections:

• ”Analog channels” on page 2-68

• ”Digital Tab (TR100, TR100+ & TR2000)” on page 2-71

• ”Phase Groups Tab” on page 2-72

• ”Frequency Tab” on page 2-73

• ”Line Group Tab(TR2000, TR100+ & PQR)” on page 2-74

• ”Phasor Display (TR2000 with synchrophasor option)”

on page 2-75

Analog channels This tab lists of the analog channels available. Select multiple channels if configuring them for the same values.

Buttons and Fields

Channel Name Enter up to a 16-character name to identify each channel with meaningful text.

Nominal Enter the normal RMS line voltage or current. This is used when values that are displayed as a

percentage of nominal or PU are required such as trigger levels. Give neutral current channels a non-zero value so PU triggers can be set.

Full scale Enter the maximum RMS line level for use as the scaling factor for each analog channel. The value for a voltage channel is:

• VT primary * 212.13 / VT secondary

• For a current channel with an interposing CT the maximum level is:

• CT primary * 1.41412 / (CT secondary / ratio * burden)

• For a current channel with a shunt resistor the maximum level is:

• CT primary * 20 * nominal shunt value/CT secondary

Specify the full-scale levels for a current channel at least as large as the maximum expected fault current. This is fixed based on the output of the shunt or interposing scaling CT.

Specify a full-scale value for transducer inputs that is the maximum value corrected for the input voltage level. This is 300V for a voltage type or 2V for a current type. The TR2000 and TR100+ have a 12V max. input level available. Other input levels can be specified as a 4th range for these recorders for special applications.

Adjust the full-scale level value slightly to correct for errors in transformer ratios, amplifier gains, etc.

If a reliable true RMS signal level is known for an input voltage or current and it differs from the value shown in the analog channel trigger display, correct the value by adjusting the full-scale level thus:

• New full-scale = Old full-scale * measured value / required value

Units Enter up to an eight character text string normally be chosen from: A, kA, V or kV or can be any valid engineering unit. It is passed with the record data to the display and to DSA so that data appear in real units.

Frequency Channel (TR2000)

Select the frequency channel for use in correcting calculations for the selected channel. The

calculation of RMS, phasor and harmonic levels are slightly affected by changes in system

frequency. By selecting a frequency channel these effects are minimized. This correction is

automatically set for the TR100+ & PQR.

Channel Set-up (TR2000 & TR100+)

Defines the input signal as either AC or DC or OFF.

Defining a signal as AC or DC is used to determine whether the Full Scale value is an RMS quantity.

Inputs from normal VTs and CTs are AC and most transducers are DC.

By defining an input as OFF the input data is not processed, downloaded or included in a fault record. This saves communications bandwidth and disk storage space.

Phase Correction (TR2000, TR100+ & PQR)

Enter the phase correction value associated with an interposing CT. This value is used to correct RMS and vector calculations for power and impedance.

The procedure for this is included with the calibration manual.

Digital Tab (TR100, TR100+

& TR2000)

This tab (Figure 2.61) sets the parameters of the recorder's digital channels.

Figure 2.61 Input Channel Selection - Digital Tab Buttons and Fields

Channel Name Enter up to a 16-character name to identify each channel with meaningful text.

Normal state Click Open or Closed to dictate the normal state of the input contact. For a normally closed input there is current flowing through the input circuit.

Enable channel profiling

Enable and the recorder creates a list of all digital channel transitions on enabled channels within a fault or disturbance record so this data is available when retrieving only a record profile.

Phase Groups Tab

This tab (Figure 2.62) lists the channels that make up a three-phase voltage or current group to help the graphical display of recorded data and for sequence component triggering. Four phase groups can be defined in a 16 channel system and two are possible in an 8 channel one. There are 10 phase groups available on both the 24 and 32-channel systems.

The Phase Group Name list consists of a list of the phase groups already defined and a group of controls used for selecting the channels for each group. All phase groups should be defined even if they are not used.

Figure 2.62 Input Channel Selection - Digital Tab Buttons and Fields

Phase Group Channels

Select the appropriate channels for each phase group. Once a change is made, it appears immediately in the list above.

It is important for correct sequence component triggering that the channels selected for the A, B &

C phases are in positive sequence order.

Phase Group Name Enter up to a 16-character name used to identify the phase group with meaningful text.

Voltage Set-up (TR2000, TR100+ & PQR)

Set the type of voltage measurements for use as either phase-to-phase or phase to neutral. This controls the computation of power.

Flicker Phase Group (TR2000)

Defines the voltage phase group used to record flicker in a TR2000. If the current configuration belongs to a pseudo recorder then a Flicker Phase Group can be set up for each individual recorder.

Frequency Tab This tab (Figure 2.63) defines an analog channel for measuring system frequency. A TR100, TR100+ & PQR recorder allows one frequency channel to be specified and a TR2000 allows two. To ensure an accurate frequency measurement a voltage input is better than a current and phase – phase is better than phase – neutral.

Figure 2.63 Input Channel Selection - Frequency Tab

Analogue channel range (PM)

Set up frequency channel, if the current

configuration belongs to a pseudo recorder, for each individual recorder. To select the range of Analogue channels to pick from:

• Click on the down arrow to the right of the field and click on the required range.

Line Group Tab(TR2000, TR100+ & PQR)

Use this tab (Figure 2.64) to define a line group. A line group is made up of two phase groups, one voltage, one current, both from the same line.

This is used to compute power and impedance. Define all line groups, even if they are not used.

Figure 2.64 Input Channel Selection - Line Group Tab Buttons and Fields

Line Group Name Enter up to a 16-character name to identify each channel with meaningful text.

Line Group Phases Enables the selection of the phase groups for each line group:

• Voltage Phase - Select a voltage phase group for the line group. The units must be V or kV.

• Current Phase - Select a current phase group for

Line Group Channels

Enables the selection of the neutral channels for each line group:

• Voltage Neutral - Select a channel to associate the neutral voltage to this line group. If none is available select (none).

• Current Neutral - Select a channel to associate the neutral current to this line group. If none is available select (none).

Phasor Display (TR2000 with synchrophasor option)

This window (Figure 2.65) sets up a TR2000 recorder for exporting PMU data using the IEEE C37.118 format and for making differential

synchrophasor measurements.

Figure 2.65 Phasor Display

Differential synchrophasor triggering

In the Phasor display configuration screen there are two sections, Local and Remote:

• The Local section refers to the recorder that is currently being configured.

• The Remote section refers to the other recorder that is being used to make the comparisons.

The details of the Remote section only appear if the other recorder is currently connected and set up correctly. Both recorders receive PMU data from the remote end and compute the absolute angle difference and rate of change of angle difference.

C37.118 IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors

When configured, the TR2000 responds to requests for Header and Configuration frames. The Data frames are on by default but can be turned off by using the Data Off command. The Phasor data is in signed 16-bit integer Cartesian format. For more information on the implementation of the C37.118 standard see the TR2000 Application note on Synchrophasor Output

These three fields uniquely identify the recorder. To edit the Header text click on the square button to the left. The communications format conforms to IEEE C37.118 that has not yet been ratified.

Baud Rate Sets the Baud rate for the two recorders. The same rate must be set at both ends of the line. When selected, the communications link is made from the Remote comms connector at the rear of the TR2000.

Period Sets the period used to set the rate at which synchrophasor data frames are sent and received.

As this value gets lower, the sample rate gets higher. The same period must be set at both ends of the line. The unit of period is one hundredth of a supply cycle; i.e. a period of 200 would output a PMU data frame every 2 cycles. These frames are synchronized to the 1PPS frame marker from the GPS receiver.

Phase Group This sets the Phase Groups for monitoring by the recorder.

To select a phase group:

• Click Add.

To remove a phase group:

• Select it and click Remove.

The order in which phase groups are added is important. When differential phasor triggering is in use, the phase group at the local end is compared with the phase group at the remote end that has the same number. The maximum number of phase groups is 10.

Differential synchrophasor triggering is set up in the Disturbance Triggers - Phase Difference window.

Analogs Select analog channels for inclusion in the PMU output frame. These would normally be inputs that are not used in the generation of the selected Phase Groups. Analog channels are not used for

differential triggering.

Digitals Select the digital channels for inclusion in the PMU output frame.

Input Channel Operations

To configure input channels:

1. Click Input channels and the Input channel selection dialog appears