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wrf_core = 'ARW', max_dom = 1,

start_date = '2020-04-22_00:00:00','2017-03-01_12:00:00' end_date = '2020-05-27_00:00:00','2017-05-10_06:00:00' interval_seconds = 21600

io_form_geogrid = 2,

! The default datasets used to produce the MAXSNOALB and ALBEDO12M

! fields have changed in WPS v4.0. These fields are now interpolated

! from MODIS-based datasets.

! ! To match the output given by the default namelist.wps in WPS v3.9.1,

! the following setting for geog_data_res may be used:

! ! geog_data_res = 'maxsnowalb_ncep+albedo_ncep+default', 'maxsnowalb_ncep+albedo_ncep+default',

! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! IMPORTANT NOTE !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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geog_data_path = '/home/user/user_WRF/Build_WRF/WPS_GEOG' !Change this to personal pathway / &ungrib remove_data_above_qc_flag = 32768 remove_unverified_data = .TRUE. / trim_domain = .TRUE. trim_value = 5 &record3

59 qc_test_vert_consistency = .TRUE. qc_test_convective_adj = .FALSE.

60 radius_influence_sfc_mult = 0.4 oa_psfc = .FALSE.

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62

63 gq = 0.00001, 0.00001, 0.00001, if_ramping = 1,

dtramp_min = 60, grid_sfdda = 1, 0, 0,

sgfdda_inname = "wrfsfdda_d<domain>", sgfdda_end_h = 99999999,

64 diff_6th_opt = 0, 0, 0,

diff_6th_factor = 0.12, 0.12, 0.12, base_temp = 290.

damp_opt = 3,

zdamp = 5000., 5000., 5000., dampcoef = 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 khdif = 0, 0, 0, kvdif = 0, 0, 0, non_hydrostatic = .true., .true., .true., moist_adv_opt = 1, 1, 1, scalar_adv_opt = 1, 1, 1, gwd_opt = 1,

epssm = .1,

/ &bdy_control

spec_bdy_width = 5, specified = .true.

/ &grib2

/ &namelist_quilt

nio_tasks_per_group = 0,

nio_groups = 1,

/

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Appendix B. OBSGRID scripts B.1 obs_dates.csh

obs_dates.csh

#!/bin/csh

## Run this script to rename observation files and fix the date format

## Use after downloading the data from UCAR into OBSGRID folder

## Given format: SURFACE_OBS:2021022706

## Desired format: SURFACE_OBS:2021-02-27_06

## Change dates according to your case study, if you need more than three months (or less) just copy and paste (or delete) a row

## Also change SURFACE_OBS if naming convention is different

mmv '*SURFACE_OBS:2010*' '#1SURFACE_OBS:2010-#2'

mmv '*SURFACE_OBS:2010-03*' '#1SURFACE_OBS:2010-03-#2' mmv '*SURFACE_OBS:2010-04*' '#1SURFACE_OBS:2010-05-#2'

#mmv '*SURFACE_OBS:2010-05*' '#1SURFACE_OBS:2010-05-#2'

#DO NOT touch these four rows (Only needs to be changed if you have more frequent than 6 hours)

mmv '*00' '#1_00' mmv '*06' '#1_06' mmv '*12' '#1_12' mmv '*18' '#1_18'

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B.2 remove_oa.csh

remove_oa.csh

#!/bin/csh

## Run this script to rename metoa files and link into em_real

## Must be run inside the em_real directory to work properly. Can change pathways though

## Should not have old metoa files in the OBSGRID directory or else they will also be linked

ln -sf ~/user_WRF/OBSGRID/metoa* ~/user_WRF/WRF/test/em_real

mmv '*metoa*' '#1met#2'

rm wrfsfdda_d01 #removes the old versions rm OBS_DOMAIN101

ln -sf ~/user_WRF/OBSGRID/wrfsfdda_d01 \

~/user_WRF/WRF/test/em_real

ln -sf ~/user_WRF/OBSGRID/OBS_DOMAIN101 \

~/user_WRF/WRF/test/em_real

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Appendix C. wind.ncl

; Example script to produce plots for a WRF real-data run,

; with the ARW coordinate dynamics option.

; Interpolating to specified pressure levels

load "$NCARG_ROOT/lib/ncarg/nclscripts/csm/gsn_code.ncl"

load "$NCARG_ROOT/lib/ncarg/nclscripts/wrf/WRFUserARW.ncl" ; do NOT change WRFUserARW begin

; ; The WRF ARW input file.

; This needs to have a ".nc" appended, so just do it.

a = addfile("/home/user/user_WRF/WRF/test/em_real/wrfout_d01_2020-04-22_00:00:00.nc","r")

; We generate plots, but what kind do we prefer?

type = "x11"

; type = "pdf"

; type = "ps"

; type = "ncgm"

wks = gsn_open_wks(type,"plt_PressureLevel1")

; Set some Basic Plot options res = True

res@MainTitle = "WRF WIND SPEED PREDICTIONS"

res@Footer = False pltres = True mpres = True

mpres@mpGeophysicalLineColor = "Black"

mpres@mpNationalLineColor = "Black"

mpres@mpUSStateLineColor = "Black"

;mpres@mpGridLineColor = "Black"

mpres@mpLimbLineColor = "Black"

mpres@mpPerimLineColor = "Black"

mpres@mpGeophysicalLineThicknessF = 2.0 mpres@mpGridLineThicknessF = 2.0 mpres@mpLimbLineThicknessF = 3.0 mpres@mpNationalLineThicknessF = 2.0 mpres@mpUSStateLineThicknessF = 3.0

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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; What times and how many time steps are in the data set?

times = wrf_user_getvar(a,"times",-1) ; get all times in the file ntimes = dimsizes(times) ; number of times in the file

; The specific pressure levels that we want the data interpolated to.

pressure_levels = (/ 850., 800.,750., 700.,600., 500.,400.,300., 200./) ; pressure levels to plot nlevels = dimsizes(pressure_levels) ; number of pressure levels

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

do it = 0,ntimes-1,1 ; TIME LOOP, change first number from 0 if not wanting to start at beginning print("Working on time: " + times(it) )

res@TimeLabel = times(it) ; Set Valid time to use on plots

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; First get the variables we will need

u = wrf_user_getvar(a,"ua",it) ; u averaged to mass points v = wrf_user_getvar(a,"va",it) ; v averaged to mass points

p = wrf_user_getvar(a, "pressure",it) ; pressure is our vertical coordinate z = wrf_user_getvar(a, "z",it) ; grid point height

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

do level = 0,nlevels-1 ; LOOP OVER LEVELS pressure = pressure_levels(level)

z_plane = wrf_user_intrp3d( z,p,"h",pressure,0.,False) u_plane = wrf_user_intrp3d( u,p,"h",pressure,0.,False) v_plane = wrf_user_intrp3d( v,p,"h",pressure,0.,False) spd = (u_plane*u_plane + v_plane*v_plane)^(0.5) ; m/sec spd@description = "Wind Speed"

spd@units = "m/s"

u_plane = u_plane

69 v_plane = v_plane

u_plane@units = "m/s"

v_plane@units = "m/s"

; Plotting options for Wind Speed ; opts = res

; opts@cnLineColor = "MediumSeaGreen"

; opts@ContourParameters = (/ 10. /)

; opts@cnInfoLabelOrthogonalPosF = 0.07 ; offset second label information ; opts@gsnContourLineThicknessesScale = 3.0

; contour_spd = wrf_contour(a,wks,spd,opts) ; delete(opts)

; Plotting options for Wind Speed opts = res

opts@cnFillOn = True opts@cnLinesOn = True opts@cnLineLabelsOn = True

opts@ContourParameters = (/ 0., 30., 5./) opts@cnLineLabelBackgroundColor = -1

;opts@gsnSpreadColorEnd = -3 ; End third from the last color in color map contour_spd = wrf_contour(a,wks,spd,opts)

delete(opts)

; Plotting options for Wind Vectors opts = res

opts@FieldTitle = "Wind" ; overwrite Field Title opts@NumVectors = 25 ; wind barb density vector = wrf_vector(a,wks,u_plane,v_plane,opts) delete(opts)

; Plotting options for Geopotential Heigh opts_z = res

opts_z@cnLineColor = "Blue"

opts_z@gsnContourLineThicknessesScale = 3.0

70 ; MAKE PLOTS

if ( pressure .eq. 600 ) then ; plot windspeed, height, wind barbs opts_z@ContourParameters = (/ 60.0 /)

contour_height = wrf_contour(a,wks, z_plane,opts_z) plot = wrf_map_overlays(a,wks,(/contour_spd, \ vector/),pltres,mpres)

end if

delete(opts_z)

end do ; END OF LEVEL LOOP

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

end do ; END OF TIME LOOP end

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