a. Set automatic word wrap 15 spaces before the right margin. b. Display the INPUT MODE message when in input mode. c. Turn line numbering on
» 1<shift-G>
» ESC
» :set wrapmargin=15 (no spaces around the =)
» :set showmode
» :set number
__ 19. Test each of the options set in the previous instruction. » Lines should be numbered.
» Enter input mode using i or a. You should see an INPUT MODE message at
the bottom right of your display.
» Key in a couple lines of miscellaneous text to test automatic word wrap. » Enter command mode by pressing ESC. The INPUT MODE message should
have disappeared from your display. __ 20. Write the file and quit the editor.
» :wq
Command Line Editing
__ 21. Now that you are familiar with vi modes and commands, practice command line
editing. To set up your session to use command line editing, use the set -o vi
command.
» $ set -o vi
__ 22. Now you can recall previously executed commands, edit them, and resubmit them. Let's build a command history to work with. List (simple, not long) the contents of the directory /usr. Display the contents of the file /etc/filesystems. Echo hello.
» $ ls /usr
» $ cat /etc/filesystems » $ echo hello
__ 23. Suppose you want to edit one of the commands you just executed. Press the ESC
key to get to vi command mode. Try pressing the k key several times to go up the
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1995, 2008 Exercise 6. vi Editor 6-7
EXempty through a buffer of commands that you previously executed. The commands are
actually stored in your .sh_history file in your home directory. » ESC
» k (go up list of commands in buffer)
» j (go down list of commands in buffer)
__ 24. Retrieve the ls command. Use the l key to move your cursor to the / in /usr. (Note:
the arrow keys tend to wipe your line out. You have to use the l key for right and h
for left.) Use the i key to insert text and change this command to be a long list.
Execute it.
» k (to the ls /usr command)
» l (to get to the /)
» i (to get into input mode. You could have used a to append if the cursor was
on the space before the /)
» -l
» Enter
__ 25. Recall the cat command. This time list the contents of the /etc/passwd file.
» ESC
» k (to get to the previous cat command)
» l (to move the cursor to the f in filesystems)
» D (to erase rest of line, or dw to erase the word)
» a (to append text)
» passwd
» Enter
__ 26. Recall the cat command. Go to the end of the line (remember $). Add to the end of
the command to pipe the output to wc to count just the lines.
» ESC
» k (to get to the last cat command)
» $ » a
» | wc -l
» Enter
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1995, 2008 Exercise 7. Shell Basics 7-1 EXempty
Exercise 7. Shell Basics
(with Hints)
What This Exercise Is About
This exercise will familiarize the students with basic shell operations.
What You Should Be Able to Do
After completing this exercise, students should be able to: • Use wildcards for file name expansion
• Redirect standard in, standard out, and standard error
• Use pipes to provide the output of one process as input to another process
• Perform command grouping and line continuation
Introduction
Understanding the use and manipulation of the shell is considered a foundation for understanding AIX user interfaces. You will use
commands to experiment with the shell features discussed in the “Shell Basics” lecture.
Exercise Instructions with Hints
(with Hints)
Wildcards
__ 1. Type cd to get back to your home directory. (Your home directory is the one you use
when you log in.) » $ cd » $ pwd
__ 2. Execute a simple ls to list the non-hidden files in your home directory. Now use the ls command with a wildcard character to list these files. What is the difference in
output of these two commands?
________________________________________________________________ Why?
________________________________________________________________ » $ ls
» $ ls *
__ 3. Change to the /usr/bin directory. List just those files starting with the letter a.
» $ cd /usr/bin » $ ls a*
__ 4. List all two character file names. » $ ls ??
__ 5. List all file names starting with the letters a, b, c, or d.
» $ ls [abcd]* -OR-
» $ ls [a-d]*
__ 6. List all files except those beginning with c through t. This will be a long list. You
might want to pipe the output to pg or more. Did you get any file names that you did
not expect? __________ If so, do you know why?
» $ ls [!c-t]* | pg __ 7. Return to your home directory.
» $ cd
Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1995, 2008 Exercise 7. Shell Basics 7-3 EXempty __ 8. Using the cat command and redirection, create a file called junk containing a few
lines of text. Use <Ctrl-d> at the beginning of a new line when you have finished
entering text and want to return the shell $ prompt. List the file contents to verify your update.
» $ cat > junk
Type in several lines of junk for your file
<Ctrl-d> on a new line to return to the shell prompt
» $ cat junk
__ 9. Append more lines of text to the file you have created using the cat command and
redirection. List the file contents to verify your update. » $ cat >> junk (no spaces between the >>) » $ cat junk
__ 10. Mail the file junk to yourself. Wait a minute and open your mail, delete it, and quit the program.
» $ mail teamxx < junk » $ mail
» ? t
» ? d
» ? q