Elsa Schiaparelli (1896-1973)
T h e i n n o v a t i o n of a top f a s h i o n d e s i g n e r (0) ..can greatly i n f l u e n c e t h e p u b l i c ' s taste (1) d r e s s . Elsa S c h i a p a r e l l i w a s a F r e n c h d e s i g n e r (2) ideas s h o c k e d t h e f a s h i o n w o r l d o f t h e 1 9 3 0 s . T o d a y s h e i s m a i n l y r e m e m b e r e d for (3) •. t h e p a d d e d s h o u l d e r p o p u l a r a n d i n t r o d u c i n g (4) t h e f a s h i o n w o r l d t h e c o l o u r ' s h o c k i n g p i n k ' .S c h i a p a r e l l i w a s Italian (5) birth, but a t t e n d e d F r e n c h , S w i s s a n d E n g l i s h s c h o o l s b e f o r e w o r k i n g i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I n 1 9 2 0 s h e w e n t t o P a r i s (6) s h e m a d e f r i e n d s w i t h S a l v a d o r D a l i , J e a n C o c t e a u a n d o t h e r surrealist artists
(7) i n f l u e n c e d t h e d e s i g n o f t h e c l o t h e s s h e m a d e
for herself. As a result of w e a r i n g (8) o w n striking b l a c k a n d w h i t e s w e a t e r s , S c h i a p a r e l l i b e g a n (9) o r d e r s f r o m a n A m e r i c a n store.
I n 1929 t h e store's m a n a g e r s w e r e (10) i m p r e s s e d that t h e y d e c i d e d to set her (11) in b u s i n e s s . S o o n s h e
(12) a b l e t o e x p a n d into j e w e l l e r y , p e r f u m e , c o s m e t i c s , l i n g e r i e a n d s w i m s u i t s a n d t o c o m m i s s i o n her artist f r i e n d s t o c r e a t e further f a s h i o n i d e a s . After t h e w a r , i t w a s not c l e a r (13) w a s g o i n g t o h a p p e n t o t h e f a s h i o n industry. B u t b y 1 9 4 7 S c h i a p a r e l l i a n d others (14) r e - e s t a b l i s h e d P a r i s a s t h e heart o f t h e f a s h i o n w o r l d . S h e c o n t i n u e d t o s p r e a d t h e c i t y ' s f a s h i o n s a c r o s s t h e w o r l d o n a large c o m m e r c i a l s c a l e (15) her d e a t h i n 1 9 7 3 .
My life as a fan
1 could find. I have been to 1 1 5 concerts now. I went to the New 2 York for two weeks because of he was doing 10 shows at Radio 3 City Music Hall. I saw all 1 0 . You don't go to all that way 4 and only go to two or three, do you? Some people say I am too 5 crazy, but it does not seem so excessive, if you will compare 6 me with a football supporter going to see his favourite team 7 every week. I have got more 80 videotapes of Barry and a 8 couple of hundred records. What I dream about is having dinner 9 with him. Of course, there isn't any chance that could never 10 happen. I don't think Barry understands it why thousands of 11 women feel the way they do about him. It hurts to admit it, but 12 he must sometimes to feel like running away from his fans. 1 3 Life can be boring, but if I will have a concert to look
14 forward to, I am excited. One day he will stop doing concerts, 15 but that is something I dare not think about it too much.
The mountains are generally fresher than the cities. The central region is more mountainous than the coast. The longest river is the Ishikari.
Most people consider the most beautiful seasons to be spring and autumn.
What is the rule for forming the comparative and superlative of adjectives in English? Use the adjectives
cold, hot, noisy, beautiful and good to illustrate your rule.
In the southern island of Okinawa it is as hot as the tropics most of the year.
Y o u can put 'nearly', 'almost' or 'just' in front of 'as ... as ...':
London is nearly as expensive as Tokyo. In summer, Tokyo is just as hot as the desert.
a 'not as/so ... as'
Life in the countryside is not as fast as it is in Tokyo.
Y o u can add 'nearly' to 'not as/so ... as':
Kyoto isn't nearly as busy as Tokyo.
b 'as ... as ...' with 'twice', 'three times', etc., 'half, 'a
third', etc.:
Japan's car exports are twice as high as Britain's. Rice-growing is only half as important as it used to be.
с '-er than ...', 'more/less ... than ...':
The mountains are generally fresher than the cities. Most people think spring is more beautiful than summer.
England is less mountainous than Japan.
Y o u can put 'much', 'far', 'a lot', 'lots', 'a little' or 'a biť in front of the comparative form of the adjective:
The south of the country is a lot warmer than the north.
Traditional products are much less important than they used to be.
Active sentence: Industrial products have replaced
traditional ones.
Passive sentence: Traditional products have been replaced
by industrial ones.
In sentences like 'Japan was being ruled by a shogun', the part of the sentence introduced by 'by' is called the agent. The agent in a passive sentence is the same person or thing as the subject of an active sentence:
A shogun was ruling Japan.
In many passive sentences there is no agent, because in these sentences it is usually not important to say who or what something is done by:
Sixty-seven volcanoes in Japan are considered active.
44 U N I T 4 T o w n a n d c o u n t r y
Japan has a large number of volcanoes, 67 of which are considered active.
Since the 1960s Japan has been one of the leading industrial nations: steel, ships, cars, cameras, electronic equipment, plastics, chemicals, etc. are produced.
The passive form of the verb is made with the verb 'to be', in the appropriate tense, followed by the past participle: .
Traditional products have been replaced by industrial ones. European trade with Japan was begun in 1542.
Japan was being ruled by a 'shogun' when the Portuguese came in 1542.
Japanese working methods will be studied by foreign businessmen.
1 The Suez Canal is longer than the P a n a m a Canal.
The Panama Canal
2 The Corinth Canal isn't nearly as long as the
Panama Canal.
The Corinth Canal is much
3 No other island is as big as Greenland.
Greenland is in the world.
4 In my opinion, Niagara Falls isn't as spectacular as
Iguaçu Falls.
In my opinion, Iguaçu Falls
5 Is any other city as crowded as Mexico City?
Is Mexico City in the world?
6 Mont Blanc is roughly half as high as Mount
Everest.
Y o u should use the information y o u h a v e put on the chart on page 4 3 , but add any details that y o u think the m a g a z i n e readers will be interested in.
Before y o u start to write, m a k e a paragraph plan. Organise the information in the chart about your country into topic areas. E a c h topic area will represent one paragraph.
Somewhere in your article include these phrases:
... the most beautiful part of my country ... ... the most serious problem for my country ... ... In this respect, my country is different from her neighbour(s) ...
In w h i c h paragraph will they be most appropriate? Remember to give your article an eye-catching title.
In the south of Sweden farmers grow cereals, potatoes and sugar beet, and rear cattle and pigs. The Swedes exploit the northern forests for their timber. They can export timber products indefinitely because they have managed the forests well and not destroyed them with uncontrolled cutting. They mine iron inside the Arctic Circle. They established the first mines in the 1890s, and the high salaries attracted workers to move to this inhospitable region. But they have recently had to close many mines because of a fall in demand. Competition from developing countries has damaged the once prosperous steel and shipbuilding industries, but industrialists manufacture a variety of profitable goods, including aircraft, cars, domestic equipment and textiles.
H o w m a n y m e n will: - be injured w h e n driving? - die w h e n driving? H o w m a n y w o m e n will: - be injured w h e n driving? - die w h e n driving? 82 U N I T 7 O n t h e m o v e