CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.7 Concluding remarks
The objective of the current study was to determine the environmental sustainability of the MACUFE event. From the discussed literature, it was noted that the MACUFE has been hosted for more than a decade in Bloemfontein. However, no known study had yet been carried out in this respect. Therefore, the present study is of significance, as it closes the existing gap, and contributes to the body of knowledge on the issue of the environmental sustainability of events and festivals, especially in the South African context.
The current study has noted several negative environmental impacts of the hosting of the MACUFE festival. Statements posed to attendees on the environmental sustainability of the festival disclosed mostly mixed reactions from them, with some rating it as average, while other thought that it was low. In previous years, a noticeable transition towards support of the principle of sustainability has resulted from environmental changes, but, more recently, consideration of the principle has incorporated other factors, creating a more holistic image of what the principle should entail. Environmental impacts are often more evident during, and after, a festival or event, with the land degradation caused by litter, pollution and human activity becoming noticeable (Maguire et al., 2013). Sustainability practices can lessen the negative consequences of society on the environment, and turn results into positive ones.
They can create a positive and lasting impression of a destination, and benefit the communities and economy as a whole. In terms of event management, sustainability practices can create a positive lasting legacy, with them encouraging event attendees to be more environmentally, economically and socially aware. The Green Paper on an Environmental Policy for South Africa (South Africa. DEAT, 1996) underscores the fact that sustainable development requires participation, equity, and the sustainable use of natural resources, including regarding the environment in which people live and work. It is, thus, important to ensure that the management of development conforms to the recommended principles that have been outlined in Agenda 21 of the United Nations Programme for Global Sustainable Development.
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