7. Concluding Session of the Workshop
The Concluding Session of the workshop focused on collecting inputs and suggestions from the participants through meta-plan cards and then the points were discussed The topics covered fro discussions include:
Topic 1: Policy/Legal/Regulatory Aspects – Challenges and Opportunities.
Topic 2: Technological aspects – Challenges and Opportunities
Pic: Mr. Lalit Sharma, GIZ conducting Technical Session I
Pic: Mr. Bharat Jain conducting Technical Session II
Page | 8
Topic 3: Roles of Key Stakeholders (industries, industrial associations, government, regulatory bodies) – innovative approaches/actions, capacity building requirement
Pic: Participants at the workshop
Pic: Individual reviews and comments provided by participants on the topics
Pic: Discussion and Conclusion of individual reviews and comments provided by participants on the topics.
Page | 9 The following important points emerged from the group discussions.
Presently, there is no comprehensive reference document on the Textile industries that reflects the technological, availability, management and other relevant aspects, which can be used as a reference document guide for selecting and implementing Environment Friendly Techniques (both techniques & technologies). Preparation of such a comprehensive document should be taken up. The COINDS of CPCB documents are very old and are to be updated.
Pilot projects should be undertaken and case examples documented.
Operations for dye and finish knitwear require dyeing cycle of nearly 8 hours and consists of several dye baths with high and low temperatures resulting in high resource consumption (water & energy), which in turn leads to effluent discharge.
Re-dyeing is common and washing efficiency is poor in the Indian SMEs. This needs solution to improve the dyeing efficiency in order to reduce resource consumption as well as effluent generation.
In all recipes, auxiliaries are used in standard concentrations to ensure safe procedure.
However, parts of the recipes do not need the auxiliaries or only need minor doses.
There is need of preparing standard recipes for the common processes in dyeing.
Units carrying out mercerizing operation should install Caustic Recovery Plant or any find other source where it can be used. The industries that have caustic recovery units have only 75% of the caustic soda from wash waters collected due to inefficient recovery systems and techniques. This should be taken upto 85%. Also, the caustic soda recovery is maximum 81% in process houses, as opposed to the normal possible 90%.
The traditional method of taking the original dye to the affinity form is through treatment with an aqueous solution of highly polluting sodium sulphide. This causes an increase in the sulphide content of the mill's effluent.
The traditional method needs removal of bleaching agent by rinsing the fabric, for which large amounts of water are required for rinsing: upto 40 litres per kg of fabric.
Washing liquor contains a low concentration of the removed sizing agent, contributing highly to the chemical oxygen demand in the textile effluent.
Inefficient steam consumption and steam condensate recovery are to be looked into.
Inefficiency of the electrical equipment due to usage of inappropriate capacities used and due to inefficient designs of the equipment and auxiliaries. There is very less knowledge on the efficiency of the equipment.
Energy losses in drying section are significant due to non-availability of the side insulations for dryer, which is due to constant dynamic motion.
Units are facing difficulties in operating secondary ETP, particularly for maintaining MLSS.
Due to space constraints, new technology with minimum land area for treatment is required.
Page | 10
Feasibility of common ESP for steam boiler (capacity between 5 TPH to 10 TPH) and thermic fluid heater should be looked into.
Upgradation of APCM with TFH (whether bag filters can be provided)
Need for auto fuel feeding system into Boiler (capacity 3 TPH or more) as well as Thermic Fluid Heaters, irrespective of type of fuel used.
Feasibility of utilization of fly ash in bricks manufacturing should be seen.
^^^
Page | 11
Annexures
Page | 12 Annexure 1
Workshop Programme
“ Environment Friendly Techniques in Textile Sector”
March 01,2013; COE (Centre Of Excellence), Vatva GIDC, Ahmedabad
09:30 hrs Registration& Tea Inaugural Session
10:00 hrs Welcome &Theme Address by
Mr. Lalit Sharma
GIZ, Indo German Environment Partnership Programme
10:15 hrs Address by Mr. H.D. Shrimali,
Addl. IC, Industries Commissionerate
10:25 hrs Address by Mr. Shankar Patel
President, VIA (Vatva Industrial Association)
10:35 hrs Address by Mr. A. A. Dolti,
Regional Officer, GPCB
10:45 hrs Special Address by Dr. K.U. Mistry
Chairman, Gujarat Pollution Control Board
10.55 hrs Vote of Thanks by Mr. Bharat Jain
Member Secretary, Gujarat Cleaner Production Center Technical Session I: Environmental Policies, Laws and Challenges
11:00 hrs Introductory remarks
Mr. Lalit Sharma
GIZ, Indo German Environment Partnership Programme
11:05 hrs
Environmental Policies, Standards and Regulatory Aspects in Textile Industries
Mr. D.S. Kharat, Environment Engineer, Central Pollution Control Board
11:20 hrs
Core Environmental Issues (Technological) in Textile Industries
Mr.HirenBhendwal / Mr.PunamRathod Project Engineer, Gujarat Cleaner Production Center
11:35 hrs Environment related issues for Textile Sector
Mr.DevangThaker
Gujarat Pollution Control Board 11:50 hrs Environmental Challenges & Mr. Nitin Thakkar
Page | 13 Opportunities in Textile Sector –
Industry’s Perspective
President, ATPA (Ahmedabad Textile Processors’ Association)
12:05 hrs
Emerging Opportunities & Policy Initiatives for Growth of Textile Sector
Dr. Chandan Chaterjee
Director, CED& Advisor (Project & Technology) IndextB, GoG
12:20 hrs Q&A, Discussions (30 min) Lunch 12:50 – 13:30 hrs
Technical Session – II : Technological Aspects for Improved Environmental Performance in Textile Sector
13:30 hrs Introductory remarks
Mr. Bharat Jain
Member Secretary, Gujarat Cleaner Production Center
13:35 hrs
Best Available Techniques in Europe for Textile Sector – EU
Reference Documents
Mr. Lalit Sharma
GIZ, Indo German Environment Partnership Programme
13:50 hrs Water Conservation in Textile Dyeing
Mr. Lalit Sanghvi Textile Expert
14:05 hrs
Opportunity to Utilize ATIRA for Research / Analytical Solutions / Pilot Project by Textile Industries
Ms. Sarika Singh
Principal Scientific Officer, ATIRA
14:20 hrs Waste Minimization in Textile Industries – Case Example
Mr. Paresh Mevawala Textile Expert, ENPRO
14:35 hrs Promoting Total Natural Organic and Environment Friendly Textile
Mr.Arun Baid
Aura Herbal Textile Limited Spotlights
14:50 hrs Energy-Efficiency - moving India's SMEs towards a sustainable future
Mr. Yogesh S Pandey KAEFER
14:55 hrs Quick BOD measuring technique Mr. Vaibhav Savji Forbes Marshall 15:00 hrs Waste Water Treatment in Textile XH2O
15:15 hrs Q&A, Discussions (30 min)
Concluding Session and Way Forward (Moderated by GCPC and GIZ) : 15:45 hrs Feedback Questions for Participants (tentative):
Page | 14
Issues and challenges in Textile sector in India relevant to improved environmental performance.
New government policies and supportive instruments required for supporting Textile sector in India.
Scope and of new or best available technologies for the Textile sector in India.
17:00 hrs Concluding Remarks
GIZ, Indo German Environment Partnership Programme
Gujarat Cleaner Production Center
Gujarat Pollution Control Board 17:30 hrs High Tea & End of Workshop
Page | 15 Annexure II
S. No. Company Name Participants Name Designation Mobile No E mail address
1. Nandan Exim Ltd. Ms. Shukti Ghadvi Manager 9879202768 [email protected]
2. Murlidhar Textile Mills Mr. C. N. Patel Partner 9825032402 -
3. Hemlines Textile & Exports
Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Pankaj Chief of Engineering 7878723216 [email protected]
4. Aarvee Denims & Exports
Ltd. Mr. G. G. Patel General Manager 9879597907 [email protected]
5. Jindal Texo Fab Ltd. Mr. H. C. Gajjar Engineering Dept. 9979868854 [email protected] 6. Karnavati Polyster Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Neil Desai Managing Director 9925246766 [email protected]
7. IIM Mr. G. D. Jasugi Individual 9879260064 [email protected]
8. GIZ-IGEP Mr. Lalit Sharma Senior Technical Expert 9818433411 [email protected]
9. GIZ-IGEP Mr. Nitesh Patel Junior Advisor 9376196871 [email protected]
10. Kadmawala Textile Mills Ltd. Mr. Murarilal Process Incharge 9327772551 -
11. Weizmann Ltd. Mr. R. B. Shiroyg Manager 9825972496 [email protected]
12. Weizmann Ltd. Mr. Ravjibhai Shiney Manager - [email protected]
13. Manyank Processors Pvt.
Ltd. Mr. B. Patel Manager 9638920490 [email protected]
14. Gujarat Pollution Control
Board Mr. T. H. Mehta AEE 8460231854 [email protected]
15. Soma Textiles Mr. M. A. Patel Deputy General
Manager 9824365408 -
16. Mangal Textile Mills Pvt. Ltd. Mr. J. K. Bothra Vice President 9978925744 [email protected]
One Day Workshop on “Environment Friendly Techniques in Textile Sector”
List of Participants
Page | 16
17. Kanksriya Textile Mr. Mukesh Engineer 9727735035 -
18. Chiripal Textiles Mr. Rajesh Director 9825038852 -
19. Jindal Texo Fab Ltd. Mr. Amit - 9925022700 [email protected]
20. Aura Herbal Mr. Arun Baid Director 9099935019 [email protected]
21. Vishwakarma Textile Mills
Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Ronak Mistry Director 9825436500 -
22. Kedar Cot Spin Mr. K. B. Buch - - -
23. Kedar Cot Spin Mr. Suresh Agarwal Director 9376125070 -
24. Chiripal Textiles Mr. Satyendra Pandey Deputy Manager 9879105150 - 25. Mukesh Industries Ltd. Mr. Devkinanad Aggarwal Director 9979866075 -
26. ATIRA Ms. Sarika Singh PSO 8905037419 -
27. ATIRA Mr. B. S. Parikh Assistant Director 9824366118 -
28. ATIRA Mr. M. R. Parikh SSA 9033072060 -
29. Kumar Cotton Mr. Atul Patel Manager 9712986785 -
30. Kumar Cotton Mr. Nitin Mehta Engineer 9925011833 -
31. Excel Enviro Tech. Mr. Parth N. Patel Chemist 9427680746 -
32. Vinod Denim Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Mitesh P. Patel Laboratory Chemist 9726085333 -
33. Anand Textiles Mr. Anand Shah Partner 9327070081 [email protected]
34. Pran Textiles Mr. Surendra ETP Supervisor 9374053888 -
35. The Real Honest Textile Mr. Salim Partner 9898593556 [email protected] 36. Blue Blends (I) Ltd. Mr. Utkal Patel Environment Officer 9879759155 [email protected]
37. Komal Texfab Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Suresh Bagrecha Director 9824023144 [email protected]
38. Soma Textiles Mr. Hardik Shah - 9825038115 -
39. Mangal Textiles Mr. P. L. Shah General Manager 9879203901 -
40. GIZ_MSME Umbrella Mr. Laurin Wuennenberg Intern 8130839769 [email protected]
Page | 17
Programme
41. Weizmann Ltd. Mr. Jivan Ranka - 9825083300 -
42. Shree Jagdamba Textiles
Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Hiren Engineer 9925012773 [email protected]
43. Green Environment Services
Co-operative Society Limited Mr. Deepak Davda CEO 9909907178 [email protected]
44. Arrow Clothing Mr. Bharat Shah Director 9825038440 [email protected]
45. Denifine Line Mr. Kamlesh Electrical Engineer 9998223394 [email protected]
46. Aggarwal Dyeing & Printing
Works Mr. Sanjeev Aggarwal Proprietor 9328679636 [email protected]
47. Chamaria Fashion Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Lalit Chamaria Director 9375867335 -
48. Gopi Synthetics Mr. Jairam Patel General Manager 9879204915 -
49. Shankar Textile Mills Mr. Sanjay Paul Production Manager 9879204915 -
50. Vishal Fab Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Tushar Bhatt Manager 9825801001 [email protected]
51. Aakar Textile Mr. Yasin Devdiwala Partner 9825031752 [email protected]
52. Shalin Textile Mr. Haroon Devdiwala Partner 9825033075 [email protected]
53. Sinhal Brothers Mr. Puroshottam Das Manager 9909003961 -
54. Shyam Corporation Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Amit Patel Manager 9723670596 -
55. Kamal Processors Mr. Farukh Manager 9925229595 -
56. Kajal Textiles Mr. Pappu Director 9825016971 -
57. Rinkoo Processors Mr. Manoj Garg Director 0825247400 -
58. Bajaj Processors Mr. Nitin Manager 9374079810 -
59. Shree Rang Fabrics Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Nivant Patel Owner 9825319282 [email protected] 60. Nandam Exim Ltd. Mr. Praveen Gupta Deputy General
Manager 9825342539 [email protected]
61. Nandam Exim Ltd. Mr. Rajesh Shalin - - -
62. Jay Ambey Mr. Dau Manager 9374688652 -
Page | 18
63. Swan Energy Ltd. Mr. D. N. Bhatt Chief Engineer 9824469506 [email protected]
64. 3 E Incorporation Mr. Lalit Sanghvi Technical Advisor 932706605 [email protected]
65. Mayank Textile Mr. Amrish Supervisor 9925430063 -
66. M. G. Textile Mills Mr. Harish - 9825743947 -
67. Vinay Overseas Pvt. Ltd. Mr. Munir Saiyed General Manager 9879213200 -
68. Prem Processors Mr. Pradeep General Manager 9374645650 -
69. Mahak Synthetic Mr. Venkatesh Chemist 8866687812 [email protected]
70. Kedmawala Textile Mr. Ashish Agarwal Director 9377519727 -
71. V. R. Poly Fab Mr. Deepak Jain Director 9825031602 -
72. Anjali Synthetics Mr. Mahavir Director 9925207500 -
73. Anjali Fabrics Mr. Bhavesh B. Director 9099040957 -
74. ATPA Mr. Sripal Executive Secretary 9824371717 -
75. Asarwa Mills Mr. Sohaib Manager 9824430087 -
76. Blue Blends (I) Ltd. Mr. Ajit Ranke General Manager 9376110918 -
77. Mahalaxmi Fabric Mills Mr. Kothari President 9825010315 -
78. XH2O Solutions Mr. Varun Bhuta Marketing 9898875757 -
79. Rankas Tex Feb (P) Ltd. Mr. Prakash General Manager 9727765623 -
Page | 19
Annexure III
Presentations
1
Page 1
Theme Introduction on
“Environment Friendly Techniques in Textile Sector”
Lalit Sharma
GIZ, Indo German Environment Partnership Programme
13/03/2013 13/03/2013 Page 2
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
A public-benefit enterprise of the German Government [German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development]
Supports the German Government in the field of international cooperation for sustainable development.
GIZ is also engaged in international education work around the globe.
GIZ currently operates in more than 130 countries worldwide and has over 16,000 staff.
Page 3
Ministry of Urban Development
Ministry of Housing &
Urban Poverty Alleviation
Ministry of Consumer Affairs,
Food & Public Distribution
GIZ
CPCB
Urban Local Bodies
Training Institutions Civil Society Industries & Ind.
Associations Key Implementation
Partners
BMZ DEA
Department of Pharmaceuticals (MoC&F)
GIDC
APIIC Karnataka
SPCB
State NGOs Governments
Page 4
SID - Activities/Locations
Pollution control, Environmental planning/monitoring /management
Eco Industrial Development
Env. Labs, Hazardous waste management etc.
National Environmental Protection Training &
Research Institute Eco Industrial Development Industrial Disaster Risk Management Eco Industrial Development Relocation of
polluting electroplating industries (Eco Electroplaters
Park) EPMFAT
Resource efficiency in industries Disaster Risk
Management
Page 5 13/03/2013
GIZ in India
Germany has been cooperating with India by providing expertise through GIZ for more than 50 years.
Focus on the following areas:
»Energy - Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
»Sustainable Urban and Industrial Development
»Natural Resource Management
»Private Sector Development
»Social Protection
»Financial Systems Development
Page 6 13/03/2013
Indo German Environment Partnership (IGEP) Programme
Thrust Area:
2
Page 7 13/03/2013
Cooperation Activities in Gujarat
Planning of new industrial parks –co-operation with GIDB, GIDC
Waste water management –cooperation with VWEMCL
Environment friendly techniques in pulp & paper sector and textiles sector –cooperation with industries and industries associations
Capacity building of GPCB to promote state-of-the-art environmental management and pollution control in the state of Gujarat –cooperation with GPCB
Cooperation with GCPC
Page 8 13/03/2013
Textile Sector
Identify the environmental issues related to pulp & paper sector (perspectives of the industry, regulatory agencies, people, government...)
Highlight the immediate need of the sector in order to do their business in sustainable manner
Identify best available environment-friendly technologies and techniques (most effective – e.g. reduces pollution, allows implementation - technically feasible, economically)
Demonstrate the use in selected pulp & paper industries
Develop an up-scaling strategy and supportive policy documents/instruments
SME-EPT
Page 9
Sector Introduction – Textile
13/03/2013
Distribution of Textile Factories in India (State wise) Total Textile Industries – 16104 nos. (Annual Survey of India)
Source: CRISIL report on
“Enhancing Competitiveness of Indian Manufacturing Industry: Assistance in Policy Making, 2009”
Page 10 13/03/2013
Sector Introduction – Pulp & Paper
Source: UNIDO and CRIS Analysis 54%
Textile Clusters In India
Power loom Readymade Garments Hosiery Coir & Coir Products Jeans Garments Cotton Cloth Weaving Cotton Mills
Page 11 13/03/2013
Legal & Regulatory Related Core Issues
In order to meet the standards set by the Pollution Control Boards, textile production unitshave to make large investments in technology up gradation and expertise.
Government of India runs the Skill Updation Programme through the Textile Committee,it has to be seriously taken.
Resource Efficiency Related Core Issues
Training to Industries on resource efficiency and cleaner production.
Knowledge sharing platformto improve though sharing.
R & D activitiesin cooperation with industries.
Page 12 13/03/2013
Available Solutions - Overview
1. Identification of Core issues
Process Related
Pollution Control Related
Legal / Regulatory Related
Resource Efficiency Related 2. Identification of Pilot Projects
3. Pilot Project Implementation and Case Study Generation
Careful use of raw and process materials (Good House Keeping / Cleaner Production)
Replacement of raw and process material (Eco-Substitutes)
Change of technology (Best Available Technologies) 3. Dissemination within Sector
Web based
Through Associations / Institutes
3
Page 13
Concluding Session - Questions
13/03/2013
•Issues in Textile Sector in India for Improved Environmental Performance ?
Government policies & support Instruments required for supporting Textile Sector ?
•Scope of BAT for Textile Sector ?
13‐03‐2013
1
Units are facing difficulties in operating secondary ETP, particularly for maintaining MLSS.
Due to space constrain, new technology with minimum land area for treatment is required.
Concept of waste water recycling at various stages.
Detail guideline with specific quality and the processes, where it can be re-use/recycle.
Units carrying out mercerizing operation should install Caustic Recovery Plant or any other source where it can be used
Use of modern technology for washing at various stages to reduced water consumption.
Optimum/ Eco friendly use of colorant with specific criteria.
Feasibility of common ESP for steam boiler (capacity between 5 TPH to 10 TPH) and Thermic fluid heater.
Up gradation of APCM with TFH( whether bag filters can be provided)
Auto feeding fuel system into Boiler (capacity 3 TPH or more) as well as Thermic Fluid Heater irrespective of fuel
Feasibility of utilization of Fly Ash in Bricks manufacturing at common level
3/13/2013
• Woven cloth production: 88,745 lakhs meters
• Knitted cloth production: 3,40,100 tonnes
processing units Total
Andhra Pradesh 54 54
Assam 1 1 2
Bihar 4 4
Delhi 61 61
Gujarat 17 506 523
Haryana 1 74 75
Himachal Pradesh 4 4
Jammu & Kashmir 1 2 3
Karnataka 8 33 41
Kerala 3 11 14
Madhya Pradesh 3 9 12
Maharashtra 27 222 249
Orissa 1 1 2
Punjab 4 378 382
Rajasthan 2 30 32
Tamil Nadu 2 739 741
Uttar Pradesh 4 76 80
West Bengal 8 32 40
Puducherry 1 4 5
Total 83 2,241 2,324
Consumption of main chemicals
Dye fixation time
3/13/2013
‐Quantity of sludge (Cotton) = 0.60‐ 1.20 kg/m3of effluent
‐Quantity of sludge (Manmade fibre) = 0.4‐0.6 kg/m3of effluent
• Treatment & disposal of hazardous waste
• Discharge of coloured and TDS bearing effluent without adequate treatment can degrade receiving environment such as river, ground water and soil.
• Pali Rajasthan: Discharge of textile industry effluents in Bandi River at Pali, Rajasthan affected about 10,000 ha
3/13/2013
Total chromium as Cr 2
Sulphide as S 2
Phenolic compounds as C6H5OH 1 Note:
1. Where the treated effluent is discharged into municipal sewer leading to treminal treatment plant, the BOD may be relax to 100 mg/l and COD to 400 mg/l. Class C / Concentration limit: 20, 000 mg/kg Sulphides
Zinc compounds Acid amides Class D/ Concentration limit: 50, 000 mg/kg Total Sulphur
Inorganic acids Nitrides
Eco‐mark Standards, IS:15651 (2006)
S No. Parameter Requirement mg/kg (ppm), Max
Baby Clothing Close to Skin Outer Wear
i) Free and releasable formaldehyde 20 75 300
ii) Extractable heavy metals by artificial acidic sweat:
a) Antimony (Sb) b) Arsnic (As) c) Lead (Pb) d) Cadmium (Cd) e) Mercury (Hg) f) Chromium
Total g) Cobalt (Co) h) Copper (Cu) i) Nickel (Ni)
5
iii) Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 0.05 0.5 0.5
(iv) 2,3,5,6 Tetra‐cholorophenol (TeCP) 0.05 0.5 0.5
v) Orthophenyl phenol (OPP) 0.5 1.0 1.0
vi) Organo‐tin compounds a)Tributyltin (TBT) b) Dibutyltin (DBT)
0.5
vii a)Pesticides (Sum parameter) 0.5 1.0 1.0
viii Banned Pesticide Nil Nil Nil
Ix
1
DOB 1
Statutory Compliance in Industries
Prepared by : R.N.CHAREL.
Mainly there are two types of statutory Laws applicable to the industry for safety and welfare of Laboures.
Safety Laws (Factory Laws) & Welfare Laws (Labour Laws)
Factory laws Focuses about the safety, Health and Environment aspect, while Labour Laws concentrated towards welfare and social security measures.
Statutory Laws in Industries
Factory Laws : (Safety)
1. Indian Electricity Act – 1910 2. Indian Boiler Act – 1923 3. Factory Act – 1948 etc.
Labour Laws : (Welfare)
1. Workmen Compensation Act - 1923 2. Payment of wages Act -1936 3. Provident Fund Act
4. Industrial Dispute Act - 1947 5. Indian Trade Union Act - 1926
DOB 3
Laws Administered in Boiler Directorate
Directorate of Boiler has to follow the Central Boiler Act and regulation rules and State Boiler rules for the purpose of ensuring safety of public and property
1. Indain Boilers Act 1923 2. Indian Boiler Regulation 1950 3. Gujarat Boilers Rules 1966 4. Gujarat Economiser Rules 1968 5. Boiler Operation Engineers Rules 2011 6. Boiler Attendant Rules 2011
Formulation of Boiler Act
2 Evolution Of Boiler,
Boiler came in service in India near 1820, W.P. of the boiler was restricted to 65 PSI at that time to avoid explosion. Boiler were every where in India around 1900’s
We know that boilers have a great potential for causing Loss of life and damage to property because steam generating water at elevated pressure and temp. is highly explosive in nature and explodes When its suddenly exposed to atmospheric conditions due to Failure of Boilers, such explosions causes destruction of life and property around boilers.
There fore Laws are made to ensure proper design, construction and maintenance of boilers and there by avoid boiler explosions.
But, We must know background and brief histories of formation of Act and for enacting Act.
The History of initial Boilers Acts is quiet interesting to know about it. So, I would like to say that,
What was the situation before boiler Act Formation?
How did Indian boilers Act came in to Force in whole India?
1840-1850 : started industrialization
Before : 1860:-There were no any boiler laws during British India – No statutory binding on boiler owner.
– They had their own safety rules of their own interest
In December – 1863, A serious boiler explosion was occurred in Calcutta, which took A lives of 13 people. After that accident,
First boiler legislation in India was introduced as the Bengal Act-1864 for boiler inspection.
In 1869, The Bombay code was introduced inline with Bengal Act after two
In 1869, The Bombay code was introduced inline with Bengal Act after two