The purpose of this project seminar was to analyse parking issues related to BMW FIZ and to develop a suitable parking management scheme. A global problem analysis provided insights into the current FIZ situation, including a stakeholder analysis, and the FIZ Future proposal. Following this, three specific aspects of parking were investigated: (1) How to solve parking problems in the residential areas (2) How to ensure the efficient use of existing and future FIZ parking facilities and (3) How to integrate parking strategy into broader perspectives. Several strategies were developed in order to analyse the respective parking issues, from on-site data collection to GIS analyses and the development of a business case.
The residential neighbourhood adjacent to FIZ was selected for both quantitative and qualitative investigations. Different parking user groups were able to be identified, according to their parking behaviour, with the parking utilisation being analysed – street-by-street, and comparing the parking situations on a weekday and during the weekend. This clearly
82 highlighted the fact that the residential area is subject to a high parking pressure, particularly in the morning. Several observations possibly pointed out that BMW FIZ employees regularly park in the residential neighbourhood; however, it also showed that there is a large diversity of user groups parking in the study area. The lack of parking delineation and regulation appeared to be at the source of the problem – leading to capacity losses and parkers’ self-organisation.
A better understanding of the parking situation at FIZ was gained through on-site data collection on parking utilisation. It showed that improvements could be implemented to make better use of the parking facilities – with a significant number of left over scattered parking spaces and underutilisation of the top floors. The attractiveness of parking facilities could be estimated through GIS investigations, based on an accessibility analysis and matching the concentration of employees in relation to the parking facilities repartition. This analysis highlighted the poor attractiveness of temporary parking places in the north of FIZ, correlating to the unbalanced parking distribution in the area, with an insufficient number of parking spaces per employee in the middle and the northern sections of FIZ.
Several parking management strategies were investigated and parking cashout appeared to be a promising solution. This type of solution has the ability to reduce the parking supply and overcome a possible unwillingness on the part of the unions and the employees to adopt disincentive-based parking management measures (e.g., parking pricing). A business case was developed, highlighting both the benefits and obstacles going along with a cashout scheme implementation. Coupled with a set of appropriate mobility management measures, the parking cashout will help to control both the parking supply and demand.
To conclude, FIZ is likely to be confronted with further parking issues in the coming years.
As a significant area of attractiveness located in an urban environment, FIZ is required to work with land constraints and the conflicts occurring with its residential surroundings, inevitably leading to parking problems. FIZ Future offers great opportunities for change but the current proposal is not likely to be sufficient to solve parking issues.
BMW will need to stronger cooperate with the City of Munich in order to develop a range of
‘push’ and ‘pull’ measures. This should be done with the objective of protecting the surrounding residential areas (using appropriate regulation) and to ensure the attractiveness and efficient utilisation of FIZ parking facilities. Parking management should be integrated into a global corporate mobility management plan, contributing to a reduction of the parking demand while reducing the amount of parking places needed.
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