CHAPTER 7 DISCUSSION
7.9 Conclusion
The findings of this current exploratory study begin to fill gaps in literature and knowledge about mediation use and healthy lifestyle changes for older New Zealand adults living with heart trouble. The study endeavoured to see if medication use did influence adopting healthy behaviours, and to see if health-related QOL is affected. The findings demonstrate that physical activity was associated with a better QOL and that medication did not significantly moderate this relationship. However, significant main effects between medication and physical activity were evident. The higher the number of days being active increased health-related QOL, and the lower number of prescribed drugs was related to a higher QOL. Main effects between the relationship of smoking status and QOL, and smoking status and medication use were non-significant. The difference between the health behaviours of non-smoking and physical activity enforced the need for these two areas to be explored separately.
Overall this project was useful to shed light on the the inclusion of medication use on healthy lifestyle intervention. This will add to the understanding of adherence to the recommended guidelines with regard to smoking cessation, physical activity, and diet at the individual level. Additionally, the present findings of this research has portrayed that the need to address the broader social, economic and political factors. Public policy is an important level of effective action (Stephens, 2008).
Further research should expand on these findings to identify additional factors, such as medication use, that influence adherence to healthy behaviours. This will contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiological trends, social and structural factors, economic policies, and international actions. As a result this will be useful to tailor interventions to focus on the underlying aspects of adherence. Additionally, older
adults should understand whether and how their conditions (if any) affect their ability to do regular exercise. Cognitive mediators, such as self-efficacy should also be addressed for this group of people. Therefore strategies such as goal setting and modelling should be included in individualised interventions which will also address barriers by incorporating strategies particular to that person. As been discussed, this is an important aspect for health psychologists and the wider health professionals
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APPENDIX A
Summary table of assumption testing for each level of each independent variable. Normality Homogeneity of Variance
Result of Kolmogrov- Smirnov Histogram Result of Levene’s Test Rule of Thumb Smoking Status Pass Fail* N/A
Pass Pass N/A
Yes No PAL
Fail* Pass
Low Pass N/A
High Fail* Pass
Medication Use
Pass N/A
Low Fail* Pass
High Pass N/A
Note. The ‘Rule of Thumb’ suggests that if the highest variance is less than four times
as large as the smallest variance, then they are similar enough.
N/A stands for not applicable, because the previous test was a ‘pass’ result, therefore it was unnecessary to continue with less conservative tests.