Performance of different three-dimensional scaffolds for in
5. Conclusion
In this study, chondrogenic priming rat MSCs in the presence of different 3D scaffold materials followed by subcutaneous implantation allowed us to establish a reliable scaffold‐based heterotopic model for endochondral bone formation. The bone quality and maturity was scaffold/material‐dependent. Eight weeks of implantation was not sufficient to ossify the entire PLGA/PCL constructs, while a comprehensive remodeling of the cartilage has occurred. HA/TCP, PU and collagen I scaffolds supported full bone formation with rich vascularity and marrow stroma development. This study revealed that bone could be generated heterotopically via the endochondral pathway in absence of osteoinductive growth factors and scaffold properties could dictate the morphology and maturity of endochondral bone formation. Continued research in this direction would open the attractive possibility to target large‐scale bone regeneration.
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