the operation and administration of any institution. It requires
high sense of dedication, loyalty and rectitude to ensure total and
absolute success of the operation. Concerted effort of all allied
units/department of the institution is necessary. Total Quality
Management aims at achieving the most desirable quality at the
most minimal cost. It is based on the principle of democracy and collective responsibility.
4.0 CONCLUSION
The achievement of the general and specific goals of the Nigerian education industry depends largely on the level of administration, which
in turn is dependent on the level of quality assurance model built around
it. It is noteworthy that the state of quality assurance in Nigerian schools, particularly higher schools is unsatisfactory and worrisome.
This is consequent upon the prevailing problems like poor funding, poor supervision and inspection, deplorable state of physical facilities and so
on. In the light of the above, it is argued that improved financial
allocation to the system, recruitment of adequately qualified staff, staff
training and development, better supervision and effective monitoring are some of the important ways by which quality assurance can be builtinto institutional administration in Nigeria.
5.0 SUMMARY
In this unit, we have discussed the meaning of quality assurance as it applies to institutional administration, the relevance of quality assurance
in educational institutions, factors influencing quality assurance in Nigerian universities, as well as strategies for building quality into
institutional administration in Nigeria.
6.0 TUTOR-MARKED ASSIGNMENT 1.
2.
Enumerate and explain the need for quality assurance in institutional administration in Nigeria.
With particular reference, state the factors constraining quality assurance in Nigerian educational institutions. In your own view, how could such constraints be eliminated?
7.0 REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS
Knezevich, S.J (1975). Administration of Public Education, New York:
Harper and Row Publishers.
Babalola, J.B et al (2006). Educational Management thoughts and
Practice, Ibadan, Nigeria: Codat Publications.
Barnet, G.O et – al (1978). Quality Assurance through Automated Monitoring and Concurrent Feedback using a Computer-based
Medical Information System, Journal of Medical Care Nov. 1978
Vol. XVI no II.
Akindutire, I.O and I. A. Ajayi (2007). The Unresolved Issue of Quality Assurance in Nigerian Universities - in Journal of Sociology and
Education in Africa: Vol 6. No 1. January 2007.
UNIT 3 RESOURCE SITUATION IN INSTITUTIONAL
ADMINISTRATION
CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objectives 3.0 Main Content
3.1 Nature of Resources in Institutional Administration 3.2 Classification of Resources
3.3 Problems Associated with Resources Availability and Utilization in Institutional Administration
3.4 Practical Solution to the Identified Problems 4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment 7.0 References/Further Readings 1.0 INTRODUCTION
All materials and non-material factors that are necessary and are contributive to the attainment of goals in any institution are regarded as
resources. The human component of resources interacts with certain facilities and equipment at certain time to bring about production of
output. The quality and quantity of this output are to a greater extent dependent on the quality and quantity of resource input and the manner
of processing. By implication therefore input and output are significantly responsive to administration. Administrators of institutions have role to play in ensuring effectiveness and efficiency within and outside the institution, not only in the procurement or acquisition of
resources but also in their organization, coordination, control and
maintenance.
The main focus of this discussion is to expatiate on the nature and characteristics of resources, identify problems associated with resource
provision and utilization and advance ways of solving the problems.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
By the end of this discussion, you should be able to:
• describe the nature of resources, identify some problems associated
with provision of resources
• state possible way of averting the problems.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Nature of Resources in Institutional Administration
There is no single definition that can perfectly answer the question
“what are resources?” Rather than attempting to define the concept,
descriptive approach had been mostly supported.
Resources are considered to be all those human, materials and non- material factors combined together in a workable manner to facilitate
production.
In accounting sense, resources are linked to asset that equals to the sum of capital and liabilities. This description undermines, human and time
and other invisible but contributing resources.
An outline dictionary provides a list of description of resources, few of
them are stated below.
Resources are available source of aid, support or wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed. A resource is
anything that has identity e.g. electronic document. This description cautions that not all resources are network retrievable e.g. human being,
corporation, and bound books in library (source:
enwikipedi.org/wiki/resource/computer).
In project management, resources are required to carry out the project task. They can be people, equipment, facilities, funding or anything else capable of definition, {usually other than labour} required for the completion of a project activity. The lack of resources will therefore be a
constraint on the completion of the project activities.
A resource is also described as anything used or consumed while performing a function. The categories of resources are time, information, objects, (information container) or processor (ability to use
information) specific examples are CPU, time, terminal connectivity.
etc.
A resource in biological or health sense is a person, thing or action
needed for living or to improve the quality of life. In production, resources are input to be used in an activity. This includes human effort,
time, raw materials, machine, etc.
In a technological system, the basic technological resources are energy,
capital information, machines and tools, materials, people and time.
Resources to a state or government are those things that are available
and can be used to advantage e.g. human resources and natural
resources.
From the foregoing, one can conclude that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6 7
8.resources vary from one situation to another; that is, what constitute resources in a system may not be regarded so in the
other system;
resources may be natural or artificial;
resources are input needed for production;
their supply must be consistent and continuous;
the lifetime of a resource is bound by the lifetime of the