2 Waste Generation
The following section shows the waste generation rates used and the estimated waste volumes to be generated at the Proposal.
2.1 Proposed Tenancies
The anticipated volume of refuse and recyclables is based on the number of apartments and the floor area (m2) of the commercial tenancies, as follows:
• Residential Apartments – 370, with breakdown as follows:
o Windsurfer (SW) – 163;
o Surfer (NW) – 104; and
o Skater (E) – 103.
• Ground Floor Tenancies:
o Food and Beverage 1 – 106m2;
2.2 Waste Generation Rates
Correspondence with the City was undertaken to determine waste generation rates for the high density residential apartments, based on the City’s communal bin use service.
In order to achieve an accurate projection of waste volumes for the Proposal, consideration was also given to the following better practice guidelines:
• Western Australian Local Government Association’s (WALGA) Commercial and Industrial Waste Management Plan Guidelines (2014);
• City of Perth’s Waste Guidelines for New Developments (Revision 5, effective from June 2019);
• City of Vincent’s Waste Guidelines for New Developments (2010); and
• City of Melville’s Waste and Recyclables Collection for Multiple Dwellings, Mixed Use Developments and Non Residential Developments Policy LPP1.3 (2016).
It should also be noted that a conservative approach has been taken with regards to waste generation across the Proposal by overestimating the potential waste volumes for the commercial tenancies. This includes where the final use for the food and beverage commercial tenancies are still unknown, a ‘restaurant’ waste generation rate has been utilised. It is considered highly unlikely that all food and beverage tenants at the Proposal will operate as formal restaurants, however, this generation rate has been used as it is the highest of all food and beverage tenancy types and is therefore overestimating the volume of waste to confirm the Proposals waste management capacity; and
Table 2-1 shows the waste generation rates which have been applied to the Proposal.
Table 2-1: Waste Generation Rates
Tenancy Type Guidelines and Reference Refuse Generation Rate
Recycling Generation Rate Residential
Residential Apartments STIRLING – Standard Waste
Service (Communal Bins) 70L/week 60L/week
Commercial
Food and Beverage VINCENT – Restaurant 500L/100m2/day 300L/100m2/day Food and Beverage
(Pavilion)
MELVILLE – Take Away Food
Outlet 80L/100m2/day 40L/100m2/day
Co-Work WALGA – Offices 10L/100m2/day 10L/100m2/day
Food and Beverage (Theatre)
MELVILLE – Take Away Food
Outlet 80L/100m2/day 40L/100m2/day Food and Beverage
(Break out Bar) PERTH – Hotel/Motel Bar 50L/100m2/day 50L/100m2/day Food and Beverage
(Restaurant) VINCENT – Restaurant 500L/100m2/day 300L/100m2/day
Artist Gallery WALGA – Offices 10L/100m2/day 10L/100m2/day
2.3 Waste Generation Volumes
Waste generation is estimated by volume in litres (L) as this is generally the influencing factor when considering bin size, numbers and storage space required.
2.3.1 Residential Waste Generation
Residential waste generation volumes in litres per week (L/week) adopted for each residential apartment grouping are shown in the below sections.
Windsurfer (SW)
It is estimated that the residential apartments within the Windsurfer (SW) grouping will generate 11,410L of refuse and 9,780L of recyclables each week, refer Table 2-2.
Table 2-2: Estimated Waste Generation – Windsurfer (SW)
Tenancy Type Number of
Apartments
Residential Apartments 163 70 11,410
Total 11,410 RECYCLABLES
Residential Apartments 163 60 9,780
Total 9,780
Surfer (NW)
It is estimated that the residential apartments within the Surfer (NW) grouping will generate 7,280L of refuse and 6,240L of recyclables each week, refer Table 2-3.
Table 2-3: Estimated Waste Generation – Surfer (NW)
Tenancy Type Number of
Apartments
Residential Apartments 104 70 7,280
Total 7,280 RECYCLABLES
Residential Apartments 104 60 6,240
Total 6,240
Skater (E)
It is estimated that the residential apartments within the Skater (E) grouping will generate 7,210L of refuse and 6,180L of recyclables each week, refer Table 2-4.
Table 2-4: Estimated Waste Generation – Skater (E)
Tenancy Type Number of
Apartments
Residential Apartments 103 70 7,210
Total 7,210 RECYCLABLES
Residential Apartments 103 60 6,180
Total 6,180
2.3.2 Commercial Waste Generation
Commercial waste generation volumes in litres per week (L/week) adopted for this waste assessment are shown in the below sections.
Ground Floor Tenancies
It is estimated that the ground floor commercial tenancies will generate 25,852L of refuse and 15,495L of recyclables each week, refer Table 2-5.
Table 2-5: Estimated Waste Generation – Ground Floor Tenancies
Tenancy Type Floor Area (m2) Waste Generation (L/100m2/day)
Food and Beverage 5 (Pavilion) 29 40 81
Food and Beverage 6 197 300 4,137
Total 15,495
Level 1 Tenancies
It is estimated that the level 1 commercial tenancies will generate 3,662L of refuse and 2,402L of recyclables each week, refer Table 2-6.
Table 2-6: Estimated Waste Generation – Level 1 Tenancies
Tenancy Type Floor Area (m2) Waste Generation (L/100m2/day)
Tenancy Type Floor Area (m2) Waste Generation
It is estimated that the level 2/3 commercial tenancies will generate 11,213L of refuse and 6,840L of recyclables each week, refer Table 2-7.
Table 2-7: Estimated Waste Generation – Level 2/3 Tenancies
Tenancy Type Floor Area (m2) Waste Generation (L/100m2/day)
Waste Generation (L/week) REFUSE
Food and Beverage 11 (Theatre) 203 80 1,137
Food and Beverage 12 (Break
out Bar) 134 50 469
Food and Beverage 12
(Restaurant) 317 500 9,510
Artist Gallery 138 10 97
Total 11,213 RECYCLABLES
Food and Beverage 11 (Theatre) 203 40 568
Food and Beverage 12 (Break
out Bar) 134 50 469
Food and Beverage 12
(Restaurant) 317 300 5,706
Artist Gallery 138 10 97
Total 6,840
3 Internal Transfer of Waste
To ensure that waste is managed appropriately at the Proposal, it is important to allow for sufficient space to accommodate the required quantity of bins within the Bin Storage Areas. The transfer of bins, quantity, size and design of the Bin Storage Areas are described in the following sections.
3.1 Residential Internal Bins
To promote positive recycling behaviour and maximise diversion from landfill, the residential apartments will have room to accommodate two under counter/kitchen bins for the separate disposal of refuse and commingled recyclables. The resident will then take the contents of these internal bins to the waste chute system, as described in the below section.
3.1.1 Waste Chute System
To assist with efficient disposal of waste to the Residential Bin Storage Areas, a dual chute waste system will be utilised within each of the Proposals three building cores. The dual chute utilises separate chutes for refuse and recycling waste.
The waste chutes will be located in close proximity to the elevators on each residential level, have self-closing doors with and bottom hinge and fire rated to AS1530.4-2005. Chutes are typically 610mm in diameter and are ventilated with an extraction fan at the top to reduce odour and insulated for noise reduction. The chutes will be routinely cleaned via chute flushing operations.
Please note, the exact design of the systems to be utilised at the Proposal will be determined at a later date following discussions with waste chute providers as the designs are finalised.
The Proposal is intending to utilise a linear track system at the terminus of each of the waste chute systems to improve the efficiency of the building manager/caretaker manoeuvring bins within the Residential Bin Storage Areas. Each linear track system will be capable of accommodating four 660L bins which can be automatically or manually rotated to ensure the capture of waste material exiting the chute system. It can also be designed to send the building manager/caretaker a digital alert of the bins capacity to ensure the swapping of empty and full bins is done in a timely manner.
The building manager/caretaker will be required to manually swap full bins with empty bins on the linear track system, as necessary.
The building manager/caretaker will provide training materials for all new residents on how to use the waste system (typically within a and new resident/tenant’s handbook). The building manager/caretaker will advise residents of any changes to the waste system. In addition, signage will be included in the waste chute rooms to remind residents how to correctly dispose of their waste materials in the chute, and to provide relevant contact details for waste management at the Proposal.
Access to this area where the chute terminus/track systems are located will be restricted to trained building management/staff only to reduce OHS concerns. This area will be appropriately fenced off to prevent resident access.
Diagram 1 indicates the waste chute room for a typical residential floor at the development. The waste chute room on each level could also be used to temporarily house large cardboard items or bulky waste materials that should not be placed in the chute system to reduce the likelihood of blockage in the waste chutes.
Diagram 1: Example of Typical Residential Waste Chute Room
3.1.2 Provision for Food Organics Garden Organics
It is expected that the City will be introducing bins for the separate collection of food organics garden organics (FOGO) within multi-unit residential properties in line with the state government's Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery (WARR) Strategy 2030. Residents will be encouraged to utilise kitchen caddies with compostable liners to collect organic wastes for disposal, which will then be taken to the respective FOGO Bin Storage Areas located on Level 1 (refer Diagram 2 - Diagram 4) for depositing into communal 240L lime green lidded FOGO bins.
These dedicated FOGO Bin Storage Areas will be located in close proximity to each building core and lifts so that they are easily accessible by residents. Bins would be transferred by the building manager/caretaker to the Loading Bay on collection days and returned following collection. This will also allow the building manager/caretaker to monitor the waste system and help track any sources of contamination.
It is anticipated FOGO would be collected a minimum of three times/week due to the malodourous nature of this type of waste. The City will assess the FOGO bin numbers and collections in the future, as required.
Diagram 2: Windsurfer (SW) FOGO Bin Storage Area
Diagram 3: Surfer (NW) FOGO Bin Storage Area
Diagram 4: Skater (E) FOGO Bin Storage Area
3.2 Commercial Internal Bins
The Proposal will also have a minimum of two bins to facilitate the separate disposal of refuse and recycling within each tenancy. The bins will be transferred by the tenants, staff or cleaners, to the respective Bin Storage Areas during the appropriate hours as determined by building management.
Ground floor tenancies waste will be transferred by the tenant, staff or cleaners to the Ground Floor Tenancies Bin Storage Area utilising the service corridors and be deposited into the appropriate bins.
On collection days, full bins will be transferred by the building manager/caretaker via the dedicated service lift to the Bin Collection Area and returned following collection.
Level 1 tenancies waste will be transferred by the tenant, staff or cleaners directly to the Level 1 Tenancies Bin Storage Area utilising the service corridors and be deposited into the appropriate bins.
On collection days, full bins will be transferred by the building manager/caretaker via the dedicated service pathway to the Bin Collection Area and returned following collection.
Level 2/3 tenancies waste will be transferred by the tenant, staff or cleaners to the Level 2/3 Tenancies Bin Storage Area utilising the service corridors and be deposited into the appropriate bins.
Please note, this bin store will act as a temporary bin holding area only, with the remainder of bins required located within the Level 1 Tenancies Bin Storage Area. The bins from this temporary bin hold will be replaced as required (anticipated daily) by the building manager/caretaker. On collection days, full bins will be transferred by the building manager/caretaker via the dedicated service lift to the Bin Collection Area and returned following collection.
All bins will be colour coded and labelled in accordance with Australian Standards (AS 4123.7) to assist the tenants, staff and cleaners to dispose of their separate waste materials in the correct bins.
4 Waste Storage
Waste materials generated within the Proposal will be collected in the bins located in the Bin Storage Areas, as discussed in the following sub-sections.
Note: the waste generation volumes are best practice estimates and the number of bins to be utilised represents the maximum requirements once the Proposal is fully operational. Bin requirements may be impacted as the development becomes operational and the nature of the tenants and waste management requirements are known.
4.1 Bin Sizes
Table 4-1 gives the typical dimensions of standard bins sizes that may utilised at the Proposal. It should be noted that these bin dimensions are approximate and can vary slightly between suppliers.
Table 4-1: Typical Bin Dimensions
Dimensions Bin Sizes
240L 360L 660L 1,100L
Depth (mm) 730 848 780 1,070
Width (mm) 585 680 1,260 1,240
Height (mm) 1,060 1,100 1,200 1,300
Area (mm2) 427 577 983 1,327
Reference: SULO Bin Specification Data Sheets
4.2 Residential Bin Storage Areas
4.2.1 Windsurfer (SW) and Surfer (NW) Bin Storage Area
The Windsurfer (SW) and Surfer (NW) building cores/waste chutes terminate into a shared Bin Storage Area. Therefore, bins required for these apartment groupings have been consolidated within a central store.
The following subsections describe the number of bins required for each residential apartment grouping.
Windsurfer (SW) Bin Requirements
To ensure sufficient area is available for storage of the residential bins, the amount of bins required for the Windsurfer (SW) apartments was modelled utilising the estimated waste generation in Table 2-2, bin sizes in Table 4-1 and based on collection of refuse and recyclables three times each week.
Based on the results shown in Table 4-2, the Windsurfer (SW) and Surfer (NW) Bin Storage Area has been sized to accommodate:
• Six 660L refuse bins; and
• Five 660L recycling bins.
Table 4-2: Windsurfer (SW) Bin Requirements Waste Stream Waste Generation
(L/week)
Number of Bins Required
240L 360L 660L 1,100L
Refuse 11,410 16 11 6 4
Recycling 9,780 14 10 5 3
The Windsurfer (SW) bins are shown in Diagram 5 below. It is worth noting that the number of bins and corresponding placement of bins shown below represents the maximum requirements assuming three collections each week of refuse and recyclables. Please note, the bin store has also been sized sufficiently to accommodate additional bins should the development require in the future.
Diagram 5: Windsurfer (SW) Bin Requirements
Surfer (NW) Bin Requirements
To ensure sufficient area is available for storage of the residential bins, the amount of bins required for the Surfer (NW) apartments was modelled utilising the estimated waste generation in Table 2-3, bin sizes in Table 4-1 and based on collection of refuse and recyclables three times each week.
Based on the results shown in Table 4-3 the Windsurfer (SW) and Surfer (NW) Bin Storage Area has been sized to accommodate:
• Four 660L refuse bins; and
• Four 660L recycling bins.
Table 4-3: Surfer (NW) Bin Requirements Waste Stream Waste Generation
(L/week)
Number of Bins Required
240L 360L 660L 1,100L
Refuse 7,280 11 7 4 3
Recycling 6,240 9 6 4 2
The Surfer (NW) bins are shown in Diagram 6 below. It is worth noting that the number of bins and corresponding placement of bins shown below represents the maximum requirements assuming three collections each week of refuse and recyclables. Please note, the bin store has also been sized sufficiently to accommodate additional bins should the development require in the future.
Diagram 6: Surfer (NW) Bin Requirements
4.2.2 Skater (E) Bin Storage Area
To ensure sufficient area is available for storage of the residential bins, the amount of bins required for the Skater (E) Bin Storage Area was modelled utilising the estimated waste generation in Table 2-4, bin sizes in Table 4-1 and based on collection of refuse and recyclables three times each week.
Based on the results shown in Table 4-4 the Skater (E) Bin Storage Area has been sized to accommodate:
• Four 660L refuse bins; and
• Four 660L recycling bins.
Table 4-4: Skater (E) Bin Requirements Waste Stream Waste Generation
(L/week)
Number of Bins Required
240L 360L 660L 1,100L
Refuse 7,210 11 7 4 3
Recycling 6,180 9 6 4 2
The Skater (E) bins are shown in Diagram 7 below. It is worth noting that the number of bins and corresponding placement of bins shown below represents the maximum requirements assuming three collections each week of refuse and recyclables. Please note, the bin store has also been sized sufficiently to accommodate additional bins should the development require in the future.
Diagram 7: Skater (E) Bin Requirements
4.3 Commercial Bin Storage Areas
4.3.1 Ground Floor Tenancies Bin Storage Area
To ensure sufficient area is available for storage of the commercial bins, the amount of bins required for the Ground Floor Tenancies was modelled utilising the estimated waste generation in Table 2-5, bin sizes in Table 4-1 and based on collection of refuse and recyclables three times each week.
Based on the results shown in Table 4-5 the Ground Floor Tenancies Bin Storage Area has been sized to accommodate:
• Fourteen 660L refuse bins; and
• Eight 660L recycling bins.
Table 4-5: Ground Floor Tenancies Bin Requirements Waste Stream Waste Generation
(L/week)
Number of Bins Required
240L 360L 660L 1,100L
Refuse 25,852 36 24 14 8
Recycling 15,495 22 15 8 5
The Ground Floor Tenancies bins are shown in Diagram 8 below. It is worth noting that the number of bins and corresponding placement of bins shown below represents the maximum requirements assuming three collections each week of refuse and recyclables.
Diagram 8: Ground Floor Tenancies Bin Requirements
4.3.2 Level 1 Tenancies Bin Storage Area
To ensure sufficient area is available for storage of the commercial bins, the amount of bins required for the Level 1 Tenancies was modelled utilising the estimated waste generation in Table 2-6, bin sizes in Table 4-1 and based on collection of refuse and recyclables three times each week.
Based on the results shown in Table 4-6 the Level 1 Commercial Bin Storage Area has been sized to accommodate:
• Two 660L refuse bins; and
• Two 660L recycling bins.
Table 4-6: Level 1 Tenancies Bin Requirements Waste Stream Waste Generation
(L/week)
Number of Bins Required
240L 360L 660L 1,100L
Refuse 3,662 6 4 2 2
Recycling 2,402 4 3 2 1
The Level 1 Tenancies bins are shown in Diagram 9 below. It is worth noting that the number of bins and corresponding placement of bins shown below represents the maximum requirements assuming three collections each week of refuse and recyclables. Please note, the bin store has also been sized sufficiently to accommodate additional bins should the development require in the future.
Diagram 9: Level 1 Tenancies Bin Requirements
4.3.3 Level 2/3 Tenancies Bin Storage Area
To ensure sufficient area is available for storage of the commercial bins, the amount of bins required for the Level 2/3 Tenancies was modelled utilising the estimated waste generation in Table 2-7, bin sizes in Table 4-1 and based on collection of refuse and recyclables three times each week.
Based on the results shown in Table 4-7 the Level 2/3 Commercial Bin Storage Area has been sized to accommodate:
• Six 660L refuse bins; and
• Four 660L recycling bins.
Table 4-7: Level 2/3 Tenancies Bin Requirements Waste Stream Waste Generation
(L/week)
Number of Bins Required
240L 360L 660L 1,100L
Refuse 11,213 16 11 6 4
Recycling 6,840 10 7 4 3
The Level 2/3 Tenancies bins are shown in Diagram 10 below. It is worth noting that the number of bins and corresponding placement of bins shown below represents the maximum requirements assuming three collections each week of refuse and recyclables.
Please note, this bin store will act as a temporary bin holding area only, with the remainder of bins required for Level 2/3 Tenancies located within the Level 1 Tenancies Bin Storage Area (Diagram 9) which has been sized sufficiently. The bins from this temporary bin hold will be replaced as required (anticipated daily) by the building manager/caretaker.
Diagram 10: Level 2/3 Tenancies Bin Requirements
4.4 Bin Storage Area Design
The design of the Bin Storage Areas will take into consideration:
• Smooth impervious floor sloped to a drain connected to the sewer system;
• Bin washing facility (within the Bin Collection Area);
• Adequate aisle widths for easy manoeuvring of bins;
• Doors to the Bin Storage Areas self-closing and vermin proof;
• Doors to the Bin Storage Areas wide enough to fit bins through;
• Ventilated to a suitable standard;
• Appropriate signage;
• Undercover where possible and be designed to not permit stormwater to enter into the drain;
• Located behind the building setback line;
• Bins not to be visible from the property boundary or areas trafficable by the public; and
• Bins are reasonably secured from theft and vandalism.
Bin numbers and storage space within the Bin Storage Areas will be monitored by the building manager/caretaker during the operation of the Proposal to ensure that the number of bins and collection frequency is sufficient.
5 Waste Collection
The following sections describe the waste collection methodologies for the development.
The following sections describe the waste collection methodologies for the development.