About Configuring the Software Owner’s Shell Environment
On Oracle Linux, you run Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) from the oracle account. OUI obtains information from the environment variables configured for the oracle
user. Before running OUI, you must make the following changes to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster software owner's shell startup file:
■ Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) of the installation user (oracle) to
022 in the shell startup file. Setting the mask to 022 ensures that the user performing the software installation creates files with 644 permissions.
■ Set ulimit settings for file descriptors (nofile) and processes (nproc) for the
installation user (oracle).
■ Set the software owner's environment variable DISPLAY environment variables in
preparation for the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster installation.
■ Remove any lines in the file that set values for ORACLE_SID, ORACLE_HOME, or
ORACLE_BASE environment variables.
After you have saved your changes, run the shell startup script to configure the environment.
Also, if the /tmp directory has less than 1 GB of available disk space, but you have identified a different, non-shared file system that has at least 1 GB of available space, then you can set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables to specify the alternate temporary directory on this file system.
To review your current environment settings, use the env | more command as the
oracle user.
Refer to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform for more information on how to configure the Oracle software owner environment before installation.
Configuring the Network
Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) clients connect to the database using a single client access name (SCAN). The SCAN and its associated IP addresses provide a stable name for clients to use for connections, independent of the nodes that form the cluster. A SCAN works by being able to resolve to multiple IP addresses referencing multiple listeners in the cluster that handle public client connections. These listeners, called SCAN listeners, are created during installation.
Note: Remove any stty commands from hidden files (such as logon or profile scripts) before you start the installation. On Linux systems, if there are any such files that contain stty commands, then when these files are loaded by the remote shell during installation, OUI indicates an error and stops the installation.
See Also:
■ "About Operating System Users and Groups" ■ "Preparing the Operating System and Software"
■ "Configuring Installation Directories and Shared Storage" ■ "About Setting the Time on All Nodes"
Configuring the Network
To configure the network in preparation for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster:
1. Determine your cluster name. The cluster name should satisfy the following conditions:
■ The cluster name is globally unique throughout your host domain.
■ The cluster name is at least one character long and less than 15 characters long. ■ The cluster name must consist of the same character set used for host names:
single-byte alphanumeric characters (a to z, A to Z, and 0 to 9) and hyphens (-).
■ If you use third-party vendor clusterware, then Oracle recommends that you
use the vendor cluster name.
2. Determine the public host name and virtual host name for each node in the cluster.
■ For the public host name, use the primary host name of each node. In other
words, use the name displayed by the hostname command. This host name can be either the permanent or the virtual host name, for example: racnode1.
■ Determine a virtual host name for each node. A virtual host name is a public
node name that is used to reroute client requests sent to the node if the node is down. Oracle recommends that you provide a name in the format <public hostname>-vip, for example: racnode1-vip.
3. Identify the interface names and associated IP addresses for all network adapters by executing the following command on each node:
# /sbin/ifconfig
From the output, identify the interface name (such as eth0) and IP address for each network adapter you specify as a public network interface.
If your operating system supports a graphic user interface (GUI) for modifying the system configuration, then you can also use the following command to start a GUI that you can use to configure the network adapters and /etc/hosts file:
/usr/bin/system-config-network &
4. On each node in the cluster, assign a public IP address with an associated network name to one network adapter. The public name for each node should be registered with your domain name system (DNS). IP addresses on the subnet you identify as private are assigned as private IP addresses for cluster member nodes. You do not have to configure these addresses manually in the /etc/hosts file.
You can test whether an interconnect interface is reachable using a ping command.
5. On each node in the cluster, configure a third IP address that serves as a virtual IP address. Use an IP address that meets the following requirements:
■ The virtual IP address and the network name must not be currently in use. ■ The virtual IP address must be on the same subnet as your public IP address.
The virtual host name for each node should be registered with your DNS.
Note: When you install Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC, you are asked to provide the interface name and IP address for each network adapter.
Configuring the Network
6. Define a SCAN that resolves to three IP addresses in your DNS.
7. When you complete the network configuration, the IP address and network interface configuration should be similar to what is shown in Table 2–1 (your node names and IP addresses might be different):
Even if you are using a DNS, Oracle recommends that you add lines to the
/etc/hosts file on each node, specifying the public IP addresses. Configure the
/etc/hosts file so that it is similar to the following example:
#eth0 - PUBLIC
192.0.2.100 racnode1.example.com racnode1 192.0.2.101 racnode2.example.com racnode2
The fully qualified SCAN for the cluster defaults to cluster_name-scan.GNS_ subdomain_name, for example docrac-scan.example.com. The short SCAN for the Table 2–1 Manual Network Configuration Example
Identity
Home
Node Host Node Given Name Type Address
Address Assigned By Resolved By Node 1 Public
Node 1 racnode1 racnode11
1 Node host names may resolve to multiple addresses.
Public 192.0.2.101 Fixed DNS Node 1 VIP Node 1 Selected by Oracle Clusterware
racnode1-vip Virtual 192.0.2.104 Fixed DNS, hosts file
Node 1 Private
Node 1 racnode1 racnode1-priv Private 192.168.0.1 Fixed DNS, hosts file, or none Node 2
Public
Node 2 racnode2 racnode21 Public 192.0.2.102 Fixed DNS
Node 2 VIP
Node 2 Selected by Oracle Clusterware
racnode2-vip Virtual 192.0.2.105 Fixed DNS, hosts file
Node 2 Private
Node 2 racnode2 racnode2-priv Private 192.168.0.2 Fixed DNS, hosts file, or none SCAN VIP 1 none Selected by Oracle Clusterware
docrac-scan virtual 192.0.2.201 Fixed DNS
SCAN VIP 2
none Selected by Oracle Clusterware
docrac-scan virtual 192.0.2.202 Fixed DNS
SCAN VIP 3
none Selected by Oracle Clusterware
docrac-scan virtual 192.0.2.203 Fixed DNS
Note: Make a note of the addresses you configured in the
/etc/hosts file or registered with DNS. When you install Oracle Grid
Infrastructure for a cluster and Oracle RAC, you are prompted for the public, virtual IP, and SCAN addresses.
Oracle strongly recommends that you do not configure SCAN VIP addresses in the hosts file. Use DNS resolution for SCAN VIPs.
Configuring the Network
cluster is docrac-scan. You can use any name for the SCAN, if it is unique within your network and conforms to the RFC 952 standard.
8. If you configured the IP addresses in a DNS server, then, as the root user, change the hosts search order in /etc/nsswitch.conf on all nodes as shown here:
Old:
hosts: files nis dns
New:
hosts: dns files nis
9. After modifying the nsswitch.conf file, restart the nscd daemon on each node using the following command:
# /sbin/service nscd restart
After you have completed the installation process, configure clients to use the SCAN to access the cluster. Using the previous example, the clients would use docrac-scan
to connect to the cluster.