This lesson uses the general meaning of a sentence or passage to help you understand the meaning of the underlined word. In the paragraph below, circle any words that give you clues to the
meaning. W rite your definitions of the underlined words in the blanks that follow the paragraph.
The area looked devoid of any chance for life. The ground was hard, and the few plants around looked dead. But the pioneers felt the land was arable. They carefully tended the land, and within five years it was transformed into a verdant paradise. Orchards o f apples and pears sprinkled the landscape; lettuce, com, and other vegetables filled the fields; and flowering trees adorned each yard. The pioneers had known that to cultivate the area all they needed was patience and hard work, which they had gladly supplied.
Your Definition
1. D e v o id ____________________________________________________________________
2. Arable
3. V erdant_____________________________________________________________
4. C ultivate__________________________________________________________________________
C H A P T E R 14 S p e e c h 8 9
Interactive Exercise
I !i 1i !11g1111i111f 11111111i111i 111i11iIiIi i i 1111i1111111111H i I i !It 11f11i111i111!!i 11i IHI i ! 1111111 i 1 i 111Pretend that you are preparing a speech on why the cafeteria needs better food. Make your answers to all but Question 10 deal with this topic.
1. W rite an anecdote you could begin your speech with.
2. Give two examples that would be relevant to this topic.
3. Who could give expert testimony on food?
4. Explain one way you could check on the verity of the manager’s statement: “Providing healthy food is just too expensive for the cafeteria.”
5. In using visualization, to which two senses would you want to appeal the most?
6. How could you add levity to your talk?
7. W hat might be one ramification o f your speech?
8. W hat type of derogatory statement should you avoid using?
9. Write a sentence that would be part of your summation.
10. If you had to give an impromptu talk about something, on what topic would you speak?
^ I l i l l i l l l l l l i l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l l l i l l l l l l i l l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l i l l l l l i i l i l l l i i i i l l l l l l i l l i l l l l l l l l l i i l l l l l l l l U I I I l l l l l l i l l l l l l i l l i l l l i l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l i l l i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l i l l i l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l i l l l l l l i l l l i l l l l l l i l l l i l l l l l l l l l l l i l l i l l l l l i l l l l l i l l l l l l l l l i l l i l l l l l l l i i l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l U I U I j ; ;
| HINT I
| Meeting with a Study Group |
| To create an effective study session, keep these points in mind. | 1 • Pick a place to meet that is beneficial for studying. Find a place where it’s easy to talk, but
where you won’t be interrupted by distractions. Check on the availability of group study |
| rooms in the library. |
| • Bring the necessary books, notes, and other materials to each session. | 1 • Ask various group members to be “the expert” on different chapters or areas of study—have
them share their in-depth study with the other group members. Give everyone a chance to
| participate, and respect each person’s views. |
| • Assign someone to keep the group on track and be aware of time limits. Gently remind
| people who start to talk about other topics that you are all there to study. Ask anyone to
1 leave who does not really want to study. 1
1 • Evaluate how useful the study session was, and decide what changes m ay be needed for 1
| the next time. Try to make the study sessions fun and productive. |
T I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I f l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l f l l l l ltlll f l lllll lill illll llll llll illll llll lllll llll lllil llll llll lllll llll llllf ll lllll H l lllI I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I illll llll llllt llll lllM l llll lllli llll lllll llll llll lllll llll tllll llll llll lllll llll f ll llll lllli llll lllll lf lliF
9 0 C H A P T E R 14 S p e e c h
Word List
an ecd o te n. a short account of an relevant adj. pertinent; to the point
[an' ik dot'] interesting or amusing [rel' a v0nt]
incident su m m ation n. 1. a concluding statement
d e ro g a to ry adj. offensive; insulting; critical [sa ma' sh0n] containing a summary
[di rog' a tor' e] of principal points
im prom ptu odj. not rehearsed; spontaneous 2. the act of totaling;
[im promp' too] addition
levity n. 1. lightness of speech or testim o n y n. evidence in support of a
[lev' a te] manner; frivolity [tes' t0 mo' ne] fact or assertion; proof 2. lightness; buoyancy verity n. 1. the quality of being real, ram ification n. 1. a development growing out [ver' 0 te] accurate, or correct [ram' 0 fi ka' of and often complicating a 2. a statement of principle
sh0n] problem, plan, or statement; considered to be
a consequence permanent truth
2. the act of branching out visualization n. the formation of a [vizh' oo 0 li za' mental image or images shan]
Words to Watch
W hich words would you like to practice with a bit more? Pick 3-5 words to study, and list them below.
W rite the word and its definition, and compose your own sentence using the word correctly. This extra practice could be the final touch to learning a word.
Word Definition Your Sentence
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C H A P T E R 14 S p e e c h 9 1
Chapter
If you are looking for a great movie to spend time with this weekend, here are two classics that won’t disappoint you, even if you have
and directed the film. The movie takes viewers into the mind of Isak Borg, an elderly gentleman, as he embarks on a long car trip to receive an honorary degree. The cinematography brilliantly uses black-and-white contrasts to show his disturbed thoughts. Surreal dream sequences take us into his past and into his disconcerted mind. Clocks without hands and an examination room with strange questions are among the unusual experiences Dr. Borg faces. Thejuxtapositions of old age and youth (both Borg’s youth and the young people he meets on his journey) force us, as well as the doctor, to
examine life and our actions. As this is a film you will want to discuss after viewing, invite your friends over to share ideas on what the dream sequences might mean and what Bergman may have wanted people to gain from seeing the movie.
The film stars Victor Sjostrom, Bibi Andersson, Ingrid Thulin, Gunnar Bjomstand, and Max Von Sydow. Swedish. 90 minutes.
P sych o (1960)
Alfred Hitchcock’s films are a must for the connoisseur of the suspense genre, and Psycho is one of his best films. Whether you have seen it 40
once, twice, or a hundred times, it is worth another viewing, and if you have never seen it, it is about time you did. Hitchcock was marvelously attuned to the darker sides of human nature, and
he was able to convey the fears and desires of lust 45
and greed in fascinating images. In the famous shower scene, for example, Hitchcock uses montage to create the suspense. Through careful editing, he creates tension in the audience while
barely showing the plunging knife touch the 50
victim. In fact, Hitchcock put seventy-eight short shots together to create the scene. For many people, Psycho epitomizes the suspense movie. It holds all the thrills an audience expects from the
unexpected. Hitchcock masterfully used lighting, 55
camera movements, and music to create the terror one craves in a suspense movie, unlike many of the disappointing horror films of today that reveal too much, too fast, and too predictably. Norman
Bates continues to reign as one of the scariest 60
characters in film history.
The film stars Anthony Perkins, Vera Miles, John Gavin, Martin Balsam, John Mclntire, and Janet Leigh. American. 108 minutes.
9 2