solids – triangulate – between segments – select the adjacent segments
SOLID MODELLING
Creating solid by Triangulation
:-and they get triangulated
Block modelling
• To visualize the possibility of a deposit & in order to get a detailed estimation on the basis of smallest possible block block model is prepared By a rule of thumb minimum size of a block should not be less than average drill hole interval , height of a
• block is generally kept as the preferred bench height Add constraint to the block model
• PIT DESIGNING
• Sections can be made along the constrained block at regular vertical spacings, here 10 m. These sections
• help in getting a better visualization of the variation of grade along the orebody
• & pit can be designed
• easily by extending the digitised ore in vertical direction .
• “ block model – sections – create”
• select normal to z axis in section type – give section range from block model summary report – apply
• give a location where slices to be formed get saved – check constrain model – define fe in model attribute –
• apply”
• select constraint in type – select constraint of ore – apply”
• Without Mine Ramps : “
Digitise the bottom slice in a new layer – delete the layer containing slice”
Slice – 531.027 m rl
• “ give a bench height , 10 here – direction of expansion – apply”
• It is to be remembered that the segment will expand upwards forming a bench only if the digitised
• segment is clockwise in direction , even if we give up in direction but segment drawn is anticlockwise in nature , the bench will be expanded upwards but with inward slope wrt digitised segment .
• Oncewhen the segment is heightened with bench height , it is expanded along berms as ..
• “ design – expand segment – by berm width
To get the pit from string file formed by digitized segments , “ surfaces – dtm file function – from string
file – select the saved file – apply ” The following dtm surface was formed
CONCLUSION
There is no doubt that the 20th century has witnessed a real revolution in computer technology and the mining industry has had its fair share. This has led to a
sophistication in mine planning tools resulting in greater confidence level in planning results.
With mining operations becoming ever more complex and costly, the use of sophisticated methods/tools to accurately predict the strengths, weaknesses and risks of a particular operation cannot be over-emphasised.
The ore body modeling is done using Surpac and the geological database, solid model and constraint block models was developed using Surpac. Owing to the flexibility, that Surpac data can be used in any other software a detail analysis of the constraint block model created in Surpac.
Using 50% cut-off grade,the Ultimate Pit is designed using Surpac software.The mining parameters are set based on experience and reference journals and mine-specific geo-mechanics parameters.
The ultimate Pit design help in excavating more reserves
efficiently.The proper planning and scheduling could be done.The required rate of production and mine life could be calculated based on our requirement.
REFERENCES
4 Achireko & Frimpong 1996, proposed an algorithm which can utilize the random field properties associated with grade of ore,etc. They classify blocks into classes on the basis of their conditioned value after modeling block characteristic to optimize the ultimate pit limit by minimizing desired errors in multiplayer perception under pit wall slope constraints.
(5) Dowd. P.A, Optimal open pit design; sensitivity to estimate block values..
Public. Mineral Resource Evaluation II, methods and case histories, vol. 79. p. 87-94, Geological Society Sp Editor's:
.
(7) Dowd. P.A, Onur. A.H, Open-pit optimization - part1: optimal open-pit design.
Trans. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, section A: Mining Industry, vol. 102, 1993, p. A95-104, New York.
12) Ken Allen TS17.2 Open Pit Mine Scheduling – A Case Study at Bogoso Gold Limited.It helps in understanding the use of Surpac for the opencast Gold mine using drillhole data and collar coordinates.
(6) M.K.G. Whateley and P.K. Harvey. 1994 New York. This helps in estimating the block size which can help in estimating the total production blocks in the reserves
(10) Maptek site: http://www.maptek.com/products/surpac/index.html eletronic acces
(11) Neme M. B, CURI A, SILVA, J. M and CARNEIRO A. C. B, Underground mine design using specific softwares. Rem: Rev. Esc. Minas [online]. 2011, vol.64, n.4, pp. 519-524. ISSN 0370-4467.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0370-44672011000500019
(8) Roberto Rodrigues Costa. Mining project. Textbook in Portuguese. Federal University of Ouro Preto. UFOP. Brazil. Vol.2. p. 186, Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil (2) Ronson 2001, has done an extensive study on various software available for open pit mine planning and scheduling. He had made an attempt in outlining the
various modules available for particular work and had also made a comparative study on which module of particular software is user friendly and easy to learn and the accuracy of results obtained from them. A detailed review of mining softwares is available like, Minex,Vulcan, Surpac, etc.
(3) Sattarvand & Delius 2008, in their paper have made an effort to bring up the various metaheuristic optimization methods in open pit production planning.By this we understand the other methods used.
(1)Sevim & Lei 1998, developed a method which had the capability to determine cut-off grade, mining and processing rate, mining sequence, mine life and the ultimate pit limit design.
(9) Willian Hustrulid and Mark Kuchta, Open pit mine planning & design;.
Colorado School of Mines, vol. 1 Fundamentals. 636 p., Colorado, 2006.