Data Collection

Practical fieldwork was carried out to collect primary data and information from the sample. For the purpose of getting primary data, data collection and gathering were completed by using questionnaire and interview.

Secondary data was used in the research to support the analysis, building the foundation of the research for the purpose of the conceptual background of the research and collecting possible information from written sources. This was in the form of written data from the faculty resources, literature, samples’ profiles that are filed by the faculty’s administrator, profiles of the university and faculty as well as other relevant

Questionnaire 1 1. Five major themes 2. Open-ended, semi-

opened & close- ended 3. Distributed: 412 4. Returned / filled: 291 Questionnaire 2 1. Single theme 2. Open-ended 3. Distributed: 412 4. Returned / filled: 275 The interview 1. Eight questions 2. 10 minutes time for

each participant on average 3. 38 participants The Documentary study 1. Four themes 2. Is used as secondary

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written information that relate to the topic of the research (such as government law and regulation). This secondary data was also used to confirm aspects of the primary data.

5.7.1.1. The Questionnaire

The research questionnaire consisted of two questionnaires that were disseminated to the sample as open ended, semi-opened and close ended questionnaires and as appropriate employed a (1-5) Likert Scale. As the target of the questionnaire is Indonesian students and some of whom might not speak and understand English well, the researcher decided to arrange preparation of the Questionnaire One and Questionnaire Two in two language versions: (1) English and (2) Indonesian language. The English version was set up in the first instance and then it was translated to the Indonesian language.

The English version is targeted to the students in International Classes where the courses are predominantly delivered in English. The Indonesian version of the questionnaire is targeted to the students in ordinary classes where the students cannot speak English well. The students in international classes and ordinary classes are dominated by the students from the West Sumatra Province who belong to a similar tribe (Minangkabau) and similar culture.

5.7.1.1.1. The Questionnaire One

In the first questionnaire, the students were asked to answer the questions relating to the identification of their role models, types of influence that they got from their role models, the process on how their role models can influence them and their future career plan. This questionnaire was open-ended, semi-opened and close ended. The questionnaire was then numbered based on the date it was collected and returned back to the researcher. The name of the students was not shown in the questionnaire.

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In detail, Questionnaire One contained the main questions below:

1. Student data and background. This consists of the information on their demographics, and general questions about their study and family background. Details of these can be found in the Questionnaire One in questions part I and II. 2. Students’ entrepreneurial social network (concerning relatives and non-relatives who engage in entrepreneurial activities, and have they ever been motivated by them, and how they think about their career as an entrepreneur.) These questions are found the Questionnaire One in questions part II.

3. Learning from entrepreneurs (containing what entrepreneurial characteristics can be learned from their role models and what they expect from their role models). These are part of the Questionnaire One in questions part II.

4. Students’ Future Objective and Motivation to Become an Entrepreneur (containing future objectives of the students, reason to choose an entrepreneurial career, influencing parties and in the way in which they can influence them). This question is found the Questionnaire One in questions part III.

5. The exact degree of influence that has been given by the role models to the students. In this part, students were also be asked to answer the types of influence that they got from their role models, how were they influenced, how big was that influence and whether they will keep their present role models as their ‘whole life role models’.

149 5.7.1.1.2. The Questionnaire Two

In the second questionnaire, students were asked to write their own perception and overview about entrepreneurs and / or entrepreneurship. This is used as the baseline study to get an overview about students’ perception regarding the definition of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship. This questionnaire consists of only one open ended questionnaire.

5.7.1.2. The Interview

Interviews of the students were done as part of the data collection and were used to support information that was collected through questionnaires. As planned, 38 students were interviewed and the interview was specifically aimed at the students majoring in Entrepreneurship in the Department of Management of the faculty. The process of choosing the sample was based on the conviction of the researcher that they were able to answer all of the questions mentioned in the interview list.

Thietart et al. (2001) stated that “the interview is a technique aimed at collecting, for later analysis, discursive data that reflects the conscious and unconscious mind-set of individual interviewees”. The main objective of this interview was to get a direct reflection from the students majoring in entrepreneurship regarding their motivation to become an entrepreneur, their role model and their future plans and career.

According to Moleong (2005) and Patton (1990), there are three interview tehcniques that can be chosen:

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1. The informal conversational interview

In this type of interview, questions depend fully on the interviewer and their spontanity in describing the questions.

2. The general interview guide approach

In this approach, the interview is based on the framework that is described but adjusting to the circumstance of the respondents.

3. The standardized open-ended interview

In this type of interview a fully standardized interview list would be used. The aim to avoid bias in the interview.

This research used the standardized open-ended interview by employing an interview list to gather information from respondents.

5.7.1.3. The Documentary Study

This study was mainly done to back-up the other two data collection methods. It was used to get other written related data and information that could not be covered by the other two data collection methods. Data and information exposed in Chapter II (Information about Research Location) is an example of documentary study that had been undertaken in the research. Sources consulted and used were, for example:

1. Indonesian Law No. 9 Year 1995 about Small Scale Business

2. Indonesian Presidential Instruction No. 10 Year 1999 about Medium Scale Business

3. Indonesian Law No. 20 Year 2008 about Micro, Small and Medium Scale Business in Indonesia

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The documentary study was assembled by collecting copies of written data and information. These were then analysed and discussed in the appropriate iparts of this thesis.

5.7.2. Data Instrumentation