This study used mixed qualitative methods to gather primary data which was sourced through in-depth semi structured interviews and focus groups with the aim of getting a better understanding of risky sexual behaviour among tertiary students. Mixed qualitative method was used in this study because is it the most common method used, particularly in healthcare research (Gill et al., 2008). The advantage of using mixed qualitative method is that “it allows the researcher to access the substantive content of verbally expressed views, opinions, experiences and attitudes” (Berg et al., 2004:114). It also helps to have social interaction both individually and group dynamics in order to get rich data. It is advantageous to combine two or more qualitative methods for data collection as it can allow the power of one method to supplement for the disadvantages of the other method and these two methods can also complement each other in the process. However, information was also sourced from previous published studies (journal articles and books,) on the study area. This is where a researcher extracted relevant
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information from other sources and previous studies in order to find descriptive information to inform the literature review which was discussed in chapter two. In this study the researcher tries to understand risky sexual behaviours of students through multiple methods that are interactive and humanistic, these includes interviews and focus groups which are explained below.
3.4.1 In-depth Interviews
In-depth interviews are usually discussions between an interviewer and an interviewee to collect information on a particular topic. According to DiCicco-Bloom and Crabtree (2006:4) in-depth interviews (IDIs) “are used to discover shared understandings of a particular group”. These interviews are seen as an effective method for qualitative research and they also help to get people to talk about their personal feelings, experiences and opinions (Mack et al., 2005). For this study, in-depth interviews were used as one of the data collection methods to gather information on student’s perceptions regarding risky sexual behaviour among university students. Interviews were conducted with 20 students from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College campus and Westville campus. There were 10 participants from the Howard College campus and another 10 participants were from the Westville campus (see Table 3.1 below). The researcher chose to conduct individual interviews specifically with 20 students because unlike quantitative sampling, for this study it is not about sample size but rather depth of information provided by the participants. That is one of the reasons the researcher chose in-depth interviews as one of the instrument used to collect data for this study. Interviews were chosen as one of the data collection instrument because they can provide the opportunity to clarify issues that are not clear. They can also help to ensure a better response rate as it can include those who might not be willing to take time to complete the questionnaires themselves (Blanche and Durrheim, 1999).
3.4.2 Focus Group Discussion
Focus group is one of the qualitative data collection methods used to collect information in a larger group of people which usually consist of one or two researchers and participants. Focus group discussions were administered to two groups and there were approximately four to six students in each group. These groups were different in terms of gender where one group included only females, another group included only males. Focus groups are chosen because in particular “they provide a social context for research, and thus an opportunity to explore how people think and talk about a topic, how
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their ideas are shaped, generated or moderated through conversation with others” (Ritchie and Lewis, 2003:37). They are also effective for collecting a large amount of information over a relatively short period of time (Mack et al., 2005).
Table 3.1 Sampling Methods UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL CAMPUSES IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS (IDI) FOCUS GROUP
DISCUSSION (FGD) TOTAL NUMBER OF ALL PARTICIPANTS (IDI AND FGD)
HOWARD COLLEGE
CAMPUS 10 1 group of males = 6 participants Females = 6 Males = 10
WESTVILLE
CAMPUS 10 1 group of females = 4 participants Females = 9 Males = 5
TOTAL 20 2 groups = 10 participants 30
3.4.3 Data Collection Procedure
Data collection for the study started in the beginning of August 2015 and ended mid-October 2015. However, before continuing with the study, the researcher applied for a gatekeeper’s letter. A proposal for ethical clearance was submitted requesting permission to conduct the study at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and approval was obtained from UKZN’s Research Ethics committees. Initially, the first part of the recruitment started at Howard College campus as the researcher was also a student in that campus. Students who were known by the researcher were approached and asked if they would be willing to participate in the study. Then the recruitment moved to Westville campus, where it started with the participants known by the researcher who meet the requirements of the study. The researcher knew few students from that campus, therefore, participants were asked to refer other participants who may be interested to contribute to the study, that how the rest of the participants were recruited (see section 3.5). Focus group discussions as well as in-depth interviews were conducted in the boardroom of the Campus HIV/AIDS Support Unit (CHASU) as it is quiet and ensures maximum privacy as well as a confidential atmosphere in which participants can share sensitive and personal information. It is also a location where students usually conduct discussions on HIV related issues. Arrangements were made with the Health Promoters (HPs) regarding the availability of the boardroom and also agreeing to take care of any distress calls that may arise from the study. Both the interviews and focus group discussion
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were recorded. However, participants were asked for their permission to use audio-recording. Here, participants were asked if the interviews could be digitally recorded. An informed consent form was also provided which was signed by each participant before joining the discussion group. Informed consent form was all written only in English. The reason for this is because the sample for this study included undergraduate students who are registered for second, third and final year. It was also envisaged that an undergraduate student at University, especially those registered as a second, third and final year will be conversant with both the spoken and written English.