Data provision and remaining gaps

There are substantial gaps in the data provided by Member States. These are especially large for the more detailed disaggregation of the data.

While most Member States provided data, some did not provide data for specific years and issues. The number of Member States providing data and the names of those that did not are provided in Tables 2.5.1 for victims and Tables 2.5.2 and 2.5.3 for traffickers (formal contact with the police and prosecutions). Note that for the current data collection we have taken data from the Table in each section with the largest number of individuals, namely Table A1.1 for victims, Table A2.2 for formal contact with the police, and Table A3.2 for prosecutions.

Table 2.5.1: Member State data provision and gaps on total registered victims, 2008-2016

Number of member states providing data

Member states not providing data

2008 24/27 Ireland, UK, Spain

2009 27/27 2010 28/28 2011 28/28 2012 28/28 2013 28/28 2014 28/28 2014 22/28

Bulgaria, Cyprus, France, Greece, Lithuania, Slovenia

2015 26/28 Bulgaria, France

2016 27/28 Bulgaria

Historical data collection

Current data collection

Source: Annex A1.1 and earlier reports referenced in Section 1.3. Croatia was included as a Member State from 2010 onwards but formally joined the EU in 2013.

Data collection on trafficking in human beings in the EU

Table 2.5.2: Member State data provision and gaps on persons coming into formal contact with the police (suspected, arrested, or cautioned), 2008-2016

Number of member states providing data

Member states not providing data

2008 13/27 Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, UK 2009 15/27 Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Italy, Lithuania,

Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, UK 2010 22/28 Ireland, France, Lithuania, Netherlands, Sweden, UK 2011 22/28 Ireland, France, Lithuania, Netherlands, Sweden, UK 2012 22/28 Ireland, France, Lithuania, Netherlands, Sweden, UK

2013 17/28 Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Spain, Croatia, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Sweden

2014 17/28 Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Spain, Croatia, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Sweden

2014 14/28 Austria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia, UK

2015 17/28 Austria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, UK

2016 19/28 Austria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands

Historical data collection

Current data collection

Source: Annex Table 2.2 and earlier reports referenced in Section 1.3. Croatia was included as a Member State from 2010 onwards but formally joined the EU in 2013.

Table 2.5.3: Member State data provision and gaps on prosecutions, 2008-2016

Number of member states providing data

Member states not providing data

2008 13/27 Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain

2009 13/27 Austria, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain

2010 22/28 Denmark, Greece, Poland, Spain, Sweden, UK 2011 24/28 Greece, Spain, Sweden, UK

2012 23/28 Greece, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK

2013 22/28 Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta

2014 21/28 Croatia, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal

2014 15/28 Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia

2015 19/28 Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Poland

2016 18/28 Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Poland

Historical data collection

Current data collection

Source: Annex Table 3.2 and earlier reports referenced in Section 1.3 Croatia was included as a Member State from 2010 onwards but formally joined the EU in 2013.

Data is more fully provided on registered victims than on traffickers. Data gaps are less frequent for aggregate data and more frequent for detailed disaggregated data. On registered victims, all

Data collection on trafficking in human beings in the EU

Member States provided some data for most years. Data provision for traffickers was less comprehensive. The number of Member States providing data was fewer in 2015 and 2016 than in 2010, 2011 and 2012. This pattern is found both for data on persons in formal contact with the police (suspected, arrested or cautioned) and for prosecution. On persons in formal contact with the police, 22 Member States provided data in 2010-2012, but only 17 did so in 2015 and 19 in 2016. On prosecution, while in 2011 24 Member States and in 2012 23 Member States provided data, only 19 did so in 2015 and 18 in 2016. The Member States are identified in Tables 2.5.2 and 2.5.3.

In the most recent data collection, for 2015 and 2016, more requests for data were made on a wider range of issues than in earlier similarly large data collection exercise in the 2015 Eurostat Statistical working paper. Table 2.5.4 shows the extent to which Member States have provided data on various issues in 2010, 2011, 2012 as well as 2015 and 2016. The deepening of the knowledge base through the data collected constitutes a significant improvement. There are larger gaps in the provision of data for new issues than for those on which data has previously been collected. For some issues, less than half Member States provided data. The gaps in detailed data provision by Member States on traffickers’ engagement with the criminal justice system are more substantial than those for victims.

Data collection on trafficking in human beings in the EU

Table 2.5.4: Number of EU Member States returning data on indicators, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016

Information on victims 2010 2011 2012 2015 2016

1.1 Victims by registering organisation 25 25 25 26 27 1.2 Victims by gender and age

By gender 24 27 27 26 27

By age(adult/minor) 24 25 26 25 26

By age (detailed) 17 17 17 22 22

By gender by age (adult/minor) 22 22 22 25 26

By gender by age (detailed) : : : 22 22

1.3 Number of victims by form of exploitation

By gender 22 22 23 26 27

By age 11 14 11 26 27

By gender and age 11 14 11 26 27

1.4 Number of victims by citizenship 23 25 25 26 26

By gender 23 23 24 24 25

By age 14 13 14 16 16

1.4b Number of victims by citizenship, by form of exploitation

: : : 22 22

1.5 Number of victims) by country of

recruitment 10 10 11 12 12

1.5b Number of victims by country of

recruitment, by form of exploitation : : : 11 11

1.6 Number of victims by means of recruitment 7 8 7 9 7 1.6b Number of victims by means of

recruitment, by form of exploitation

: : : 7 5

1.7 Number of victims by country of destination : : : 10 10 1.8a Number of victims seeking international

protection status in the current migration and refugee crisis

: : : 10 13

By age : : : 9 12

By gender : : : 9 12

1.8b Number of victims seeking international protection status in the current migration and refugee crisis by form of exploitation

: : : 8 10

1.8c Number of victims seeking international protection status in the current migration and refugee crisis, by citizenship

: : : 13 17

1.9a Number of victims by received assistance 22 23 24 17 17 1.9b Number of victims by reflection period : : : 18 18 1.9c Number of victims by residence permits

based on Directive 2004/81/EC

18 19 20 14 13

1.9d Number of victims by all residence permits : : : 17 15 1.10 Type of assistance and support received,

by gender and age

11 11 13 16 16

1.11 Number of victims cooperating with law

enforcement : : : 11 11

1.12 Number of victims testifying in court : : : 4 3

Information on suspects 2010 2011 2012 2015 2016

Data collection on trafficking in human beings in the EU

2.1 Number of suspects by age 9 9 10 14 15

2.2 Number of suspects by exploitation 12 10 12 13 15

2.2 Number of suspects involved in organized crime

10 7 12 11 11

Information on individuals prosecuted 2010 2011 2012 2015 2016

3.1 Persons prosecuted by gender 14 14 13 16 14

3.1 Persons prosecuted by age 9 8 9 14 13

3.2 Persons prosecuted by exploitation 15 15 14 11 12

Information on individuals convicted 2010 2011 2012 2015 2016

4.1 number of court judgements 24 26 25 21 19

4.2 Persons convicted by gender : : : 13 13

4.2 Persons convicted by age : : : 12 12

4.2 Persons convicted by exploitation : : : 12 12

: Data not in 2015 Eurostat working paper

2.5 Addressing missing data, the calculation of totals and percentages and approach