The data presented in this thesis are solely my own work with the exception of the experiments showed in figures 4.2 and 4.4, which were done by Dr. Emmanuel Boucrot at the MRC - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
PUBLICATIONS
Santos AJM, Meinecke M, Fessler MB, Holden DW, Boucrot E. (2013). Preferential invasion of mitotic cells by Salmonella reveals that cell surface cholesterol is maximal during metaphase. Journal of Cell Science (2013 Jul 15).
179
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abrahams, G.L., Muller, P., Hensel, M., 2006. Functional dissection of SseF, a type III effector protein involved in positioning the salmonella-containing vacuole. Traffic 7, 950-965.
Aiastui, A., Pucciarelli, M.G., Garcia-del Portillo, F., 2010. Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium invades fibroblasts by multiple routes differing from the entry into epithelial cells. Infect Immun 78, 2700-2713.
Aizawa, S.I., 2001. Bacterial flagella and type III secretion systems. FEMS Microbiol Lett 202, 157-164.
Alpuche Aranda, C.M., Swanson, J.A., Loomis, W.P., Miller, S.I., 1992. Salmonella typhimurium activates virulence gene transcription within acidified macrophage phagosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89, 10079-10083.
Ardley, H.C., Robinson, P.A., 2005. E3 ubiquitin ligases. Essays Biochem 41, 15-30.
Ashida, H., Ogawa, M., Kim, M., Mimuro, H., Sasakawa, C., 2012. Bacteria and host interactions in the gut epithelial barrier. Nat Chem Biol 8, 36-45.
Atger, V.M., de la Llera Moya, M., Stoudt, G.W., Rodrigueza, W.V., Phillips, M.C., Rothblat, G.H., 1997. Cyclodextrins as catalysts for the removal of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells. J Clin Invest 99, 773-780.
Bader, M.W., Sanowar, S., Daley, M.E., Schneider, A.R., Cho, U., Xu, W., Klevit, R.E., Le Moual, H., Miller, S.I., 2005. Recognition of antimicrobial peptides by a bacterial sensor kinase. Cell 122, 461-472.
Bakowski, M.A., Braun, V., Lam, G.Y., Yeung, T., Heo, W.D., Meyer, T., Finlay, B.B., Grinstein, S., Brumell, J.H., 2010. The phosphoinositide phosphatase SopB manipulates membrane surface charge and trafficking of the Salmonella-containing vacuole. Cell Host Microbe 7, 453- 462.
Bakowski, M.A., Cirulis, J.T., Brown, N.F., Finlay, B.B., Brumell, J.H., 2007. SopD acts cooperatively with SopB during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion. Cell Microbiol 9, 2839-2855.
Bang, I.S., Kim, B.H., Foster, J.W., Park, Y.K., 2000. OmpR regulates the stationary-phase acid tolerance response of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. J Bacteriol 182, 2245-2252. Barker, N., van de Wetering, M., Clevers, H., 2008. The intestinal stem cell. Genes Dev 22, 1856-1864.
Barrow, P.A., Desmidt, M., Ducatelle, R., Guittet, M., van der Heijden, H.M., Holt, P.S., Huis in't Velt, J.H., McDonough, P., Nagaraja, K.V., Porter, R.E., Proux, K., Sisak, F., Staak, C., Steinbach, G., Thorns, C.J., Wray, C., van Zijderveld, F., 1996. World Health Organisation--
180 supervised interlaboratory comparison of ELISAs for the serological detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in chickens. Epidemiol Infect 117, 69-77.
Barthel, M., Hapfelmeier, S., Quintanilla-Martinez, L., Kremer, M., Rohde, M., Hogardt, M., Pfeffer, K., Russmann, H., Hardt, W.D., 2003. Pretreatment of mice with streptomycin provides a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colitis model that allows analysis of both pathogen and host. Infect Immun 71, 2839-2858.
Baumler, A.J., 1997. The record of horizontal gene transfer in Salmonella. Trends Microbiol 5, 318-322.
Baumler, A.J., Gilde, A.J., Tsolis, R.M., van der Velden, A.W., Ahmer, B.M., Heffron, F., 1997. Contribution of horizontal gene transfer and deletion events to development of distinctive patterns of fimbrial operons during evolution of Salmonella serotypes. J Bacteriol 179, 317-322. Baumler, A.J., Tsolis, R.M., Bowe, F.A., Kusters, J.G., Hoffmann, S., Heffron, F., 1996a. The pef fimbrial operon of Salmonella typhimurium mediates adhesion to murine small intestine and is necessary for fluid accumulation in the infant mouse. Infect Immun 64, 61-68.
Baumler, A.J., Tsolis, R.M., Ficht, T.A., Adams, L.G., 1998. Evolution of host adaptation in Salmonella enterica. Infect Immun 66, 4579-4587.
Baumler, A.J., Tsolis, R.M., Heffron, F., 1996b. Contribution of fimbrial operons to attachment to and invasion of epithelial cell lines by Salmonella typhimurium. Infect Immun 64, 1862-1865. Baumler, A.J., Tsolis, R.M., Heffron, F., 1996c. The lpf fimbrial operon mediates adhesion of Salmonella typhimurium to murine Peyer's patches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93, 279-283. Bernal-Bayard, J., Ramos-Morales, F., 2009. Salmonella type III secretion effector SlrP is an E3 ubiquitin ligase for mammalian thioredoxin. J Biol Chem 284, 27587-27595.
Beuzon, C.R., Meresse, S., Unsworth, K.E., Ruiz-Albert, J., Garvis, S., Waterman, S.R., Ryder, T.A., Boucrot, E., Holden, D.W., 2000. Salmonella maintains the integrity of its intracellular vacuole through the action of SifA. EMBO J 19, 3235-3249.
Beuzon, C.R., Salcedo, S.P., Holden, D.W., 2002. Growth and killing of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sifA mutant strain in the cytosol of different host cell lines. Microbiology 148, 2705-2715.
Bhan, M.K., Bahl, R., Bhatnagar, S., 2005. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Lancet 366, 749- 762.
Bijlsma, J.J., Groisman, E.A., 2005. The PhoP/PhoQ system controls the intramacrophage type three secretion system of Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol 57, 85-96.
Blair, D.F., 1995. How bacteria sense and swim. Annu Rev Microbiol 49, 489-522.
Bodzioch, M., Orso, E., Klucken, J., Langmann, T., Bottcher, A., Diederich, W., Drobnik, W., Barlage, S., Buchler, C., Porsch-Ozcurumez, M., Kaminski, W.E., Hahmann, H.W., Oette, K., Rothe, G., Aslanidis, C., Lackner, K.J., Schmitz, G., 1999. The gene encoding ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 is mutated in Tangier disease. Nat Genet 22, 347-351.
181 Boucrot, E., Henry, T., Borg, J.P., Gorvel, J.P., Meresse, S., 2005. The intracellular fate of Salmonella depends on the recruitment of kinesin. Science 308, 1174-1178.
Boucrot, E., Howes, M.T., Kirchhausen, T., Parton, R.G., 2011. Redistribution of caveolae during mitosis. J Cell Sci 124, 1965-1972.
Boucrot, E., Kirchhausen, T., 2007. Endosomal recycling controls plasma membrane area during mitosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 7939-7944.
Boucrot, E., Kirchhausen, T., 2008. Mammalian cells change volume during mitosis. PLoS One 3, e1477.
Boucrot, E., Saffarian, S., Massol, R., Kirchhausen, T., Ehrlich, M., 2006. Role of lipids and actin in the formation of clathrin-coated pits. Exp Cell Res 312, 4036-4048.
Boyd, E.F., Hartl, D.L., 1998. Salmonella virulence plasmid. Modular acquisition of the spv virulence region by an F-plasmid in Salmonella enterica subspecies I and insertion into the chromosome of subspecies II, IIIa, IV and VII isolates. Genetics 149, 1183-1190.
Boyle, E.C., Brown, N.F., Finlay, B.B., 2006. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium effectors SopB, SopE, SopE2 and SipA disrupt tight junction structure and function. Cell Microbiol 8, 1946-1957.
Brenner, F.W., Villar, R.G., Angulo, F.J., Tauxe, R., Swaminathan, B., 2000. Salmonella nomenclature. J Clin Microbiol 38, 2465-2467.
Brent, A.J., Oundo, J.O., Mwangi, I., Ochola, L., Lowe, B., Berkley, J.A., 2006. Salmonella bacteremia in Kenyan children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25, 230-236.
Brown, H.M., Knowlton, A.E., Grieshaber, S.S., 2012. Chlamydial infection induces host cytokinesis failure at abscission. Cell Microbiol 14, 1554-1567.
Brownson, R.C., Alavanja, M.C., 2000. Previous lung disease and lung cancer risk among women (United States). Cancer Causes Control 11, 853-858.
Broz, P., Ohlson, M.B., Monack, D.M., 2012. Innate immune response to Salmonella typhimurium, a model enteric pathogen. Gut Microbes 3, 62-70.
Brumell, J.H., Tang, P., Zaharik, M.L., Finlay, B.B., 2002. Disruption of the Salmonella- containing vacuole leads to increased replication of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in the cytosol of epithelial cells. Infect Immun 70, 3264-3270.
Bruno, V.M., Hannemann, S., Lara-Tejero, M., Flavell, R.A., Kleinstein, S.H., Galan, J.E., 2009. Salmonella Typhimurium type III secretion effectors stimulate innate immune responses in cultured epithelial cells. PLoS Pathog 5, e1000538.
Buti, L., Spooner, E., Van der Veen, A.G., Rappuoli, R., Covacci, A., Ploegh, H.L., 2011. Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) subverts the apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (ASPP2) tumor suppressor pathway of the host. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, 9238-9243.
182 Cain, R.J., Hayward, R.D., Koronakis, V., 2008. Deciphering interplay between Salmonella invasion effectors. PLoS Pathog 4, e1000037.
Carlton, J.G., Caballe, A., Agromayor, M., Kloc, M., Martin-Serrano, J., 2012. ESCRT-III governs the Aurora B-mediated abscission checkpoint through CHMP4C. Science 336, 220- 225.
Carnero, A., Hannon, G.J., 1998. The INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 227, 43-55.
Carter, P.B., Collins, F.M., 1974. Growth of typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli in intravenously infected mice. Infect Immun 10, 816-822.
Caygill, C.P., Braddick, M., Hill, M.J., Knowles, R.L., Sharp, J.C., 1995. The association between typhoid carriage, typhoid infection and subsequent cancer at a number of sites. Eur J Cancer Prev 4, 187-193.
Chang, J., Chen, J., Zhou, D., 2005. Delineation and characterization of the actin nucleation and effector translocation activities of Salmonella SipC. Mol Microbiol 55, 1379-1389.
Cheeseman, I.M., Desai, A., 2008. Molecular architecture of the kinetochore-microtubule interface. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9, 33-46.
Chen, L.M., Kaniga, K., Galan, J.E., 1996. Salmonella spp. are cytotoxic for cultured macrophages. Mol Microbiol 21, 1101-1115.
Chieppa, M., Rescigno, M., Huang, A.Y., Germain, R.N., 2006. Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagement. J Exp Med 203, 2841-2852.
Christian, A.E., Haynes, M.P., Phillips, M.C., Rothblat, G.H., 1997. Use of cyclodextrins for manipulating cellular cholesterol content. J Lipid Res 38, 2264-2272.
Chun, Y.S., Shin, S., Kim, Y., Cho, H., Park, M.K., Kim, T.W., Voronov, S.V., Di Paolo, G., Suh, B.C., Chung, S., 2010. Cholesterol modulates ion channels via down-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. J Neurochem 112, 1286-1294.
Cimini, D., Mattiuzzo, M., Torosantucci, L., Degrassi, F., 2003. Histone hyperacetylation in mitosis prevents sister chromatid separation and produces chromosome segregation defects. Mol Biol Cell 14, 3821-3833.
Cirillo, D.M., Valdivia, R.H., Monack, D.M., Falkow, S., 1998. Macrophage-dependent induction of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system and its role in intracellular survival. Mol Microbiol 30, 175-188.
Coburn, B., Li, Y., Owen, D., Vallance, B.A., Finlay, B.B., 2005. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium pathogenicity island 2 is necessary for complete virulence in a mouse model of infectious enterocolitis. Infect Immun 73, 3219-3227.
Coley, W.B., 1910. The Treatment of Inoperable Sarcoma by Bacterial Toxins (the Mixed Toxins of the Streptococcus erysipelas and the Bacillus prodigiosus). Proc R Soc Med 3, 1-48.
183 Collazo, C.M., Galan, J.E., 1997. The invasion-associated type III system of Salmonella typhimurium directs the translocation of Sip proteins into the host cell. Mol Microbiol 24, 747- 756.
Cornelis, G.R., 2010. The type III secretion injectisome, a complex nanomachine for intracellular 'toxin' delivery. Biol Chem 391, 745-751.
Crawford, R.W., Rosales-Reyes, R., Ramirez-Aguilar Mde, L., Chapa-Azuela, O., Alpuche- Aranda, C., Gunn, J.S., 2010. Gallstones play a significant role in Salmonella spp. gallbladder colonization and carriage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 4353-4358.
Criss, A.K., Casanova, J.E., 2003. Coordinate regulation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invasion of epithelial cells by the Arp2/3 complex and Rho GTPases. Infect Immun 71, 2885-2891.
Crosa, J.H., Brenner, D.J., Ewing, W.H., Falkow, S., 1973. Molecular relationships among the Salmonelleae. J Bacteriol 115, 307-315.
Crull, K., Bumann, D., Weiss, S., 2011. Influence of infection route and virulence factors on colonization of solid tumors by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 62, 75-83.
Crump, J.A., Luby, S.P., Mintz, E.D., 2004. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 82, 346-353.
Cui, J., Yao, Q., Li, S., Ding, X., Lu, Q., Mao, H., Liu, L., Zheng, N., Chen, S., Shao, F., 2010. Glutamine deamidation and dysfunction of ubiquitin/NEDD8 induced by a bacterial effector family. Science 329, 1215-1218.
Dai, S., Zhang, Y., Weimbs, T., Yaffe, M.B., Zhou, D., 2007. Bacteria-generated PtdIns(3)P recruits VAMP8 to facilitate phagocytosis. Traffic 8, 1365-1374.
Daleke, D.L., 2003. Regulation of transbilayer plasma membrane phospholipid asymmetry. J Lipid Res 44, 233-242.
Datsenko, K.A., Wanner, B.L., 2000. One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 6640-6645.
de Jong, H.K., Parry, C.M., van der Poll, T., Wiersinga, W.J., 2012. Host-pathogen interaction in invasive Salmonellosis. PLoS Pathog 8, e1002933.
De Luca, A., Iaquinto, G., 2004. Helicobacter pylori and gastric diseases: a dangerous association. Cancer Lett 213, 1-10.
Deiwick, J., Nikolaus, T., Erdogan, S., Hensel, M., 1999. Environmental regulation of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 gene expression. Mol Microbiol 31, 1759-1773.
Deiwick, J., Salcedo, S.P., Boucrot, E., Gilliland, S.M., Henry, T., Petermann, N., Waterman, S.R., Gorvel, J.P., Holden, D.W., Meresse, S., 2006. The translocated Salmonella effector proteins SseF and SseG interact and are required to establish an intracellular replication niche. Infect Immun 74, 6965-6972.
184 Dorman, C.J., Chatfield, S., Higgins, C.F., Hayward, C., Dougan, G., 1989. Characterization of porin and ompR mutants of a virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium: ompR mutants are attenuated in vivo. Infect Immun 57, 2136-2140.
Drabikowski, W., Lagwinska, E., Sarzala, M.G., 1973. Filipin as a fluorescent probe for the location of cholesterol in the membranes of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biochim Biophys Acta 291, 61-70.
Du, F., Galan, J.E., 2009. Selective inhibition of type III secretion activated signaling by the Salmonella effector AvrA. PLoS Pathog 5, e1000595.
Dumont, A., Boucrot, E., Drevensek, S., Daire, V., Gorvel, J.P., Pous, C., Holden, D.W., Meresse, S., 2010. SKIP, the host target of the Salmonella virulence factor SifA, promotes kinesin-1-dependent vacuolar membrane exchanges. Traffic 11, 899-911.
el-Deiry, W.S., Tokino, T., Velculescu, V.E., Levy, D.B., Parsons, R., Trent, J.M., Lin, D., Mercer, W.E., Kinzler, K.W., Vogelstein, B., 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75, 817-825.
Emoto, K., Inadome, H., Kanaho, Y., Narumiya, S., Umeda, M., 2005. Local change in phospholipid composition at the cleavage furrow is essential for completion of cytokinesis. J Biol Chem 280, 37901-37907.
Ernst, R.K., Guina, T., Miller, S.I., 2001. Salmonella typhimurium outer membrane remodeling: role in resistance to host innate immunity. Microbes Infect 3, 1327-1334.
Everest, P., Wain, J., Roberts, M., Rook, G., Dougan, G., 2001. The molecular mechanisms of severe typhoid fever. Trends Microbiol 9, 316-320.
Farwell, D.J., Rutledge, L.J., Bryant, L.R., Schechter, F.G., 1978. Localization of bronchogenic carcinoma in tuberculous lobes. South Med J 71, 377-379.
Fededa, J.P., Gerlich, D.W., 2012. Molecular control of animal cell cytokinesis. Nat Cell Biol 14, 440-447.
Fehon, R.G., McClatchey, A.I., Bretscher, A., 2010. Organizing the cell cortex: the role of ERM proteins. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11, 276-287.
Fielding, C.J., Bist, A., Fielding, P.E., 1999. Intracellular cholesterol transport in synchronized human skin fibroblasts. Biochemistry 38, 2506-2513.
Fields, P.I., Swanson, R.V., Haidaris, C.G., Heffron, F., 1986. Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium that cannot survive within the macrophage are avirulent. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83, 5189-5193.
Figueira, R., Holden, D.W., 2012. Functions of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) type III secretion system effectors. Microbiology 158, 1147-1161.
Figueira, R., Watson, K.G., Holden, D.W., Helaine, S., 2013. Identification of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-2 Type III Secretion System Effectors Involved in Intramacrophage Replication of S. enterica Serovar Typhimurium: Implications for Rational Vaccine Design. MBio 4.
185 Fink, S.L., Cookson, B.T., 2007. Pyroptosis and host cell death responses during Salmonella infection. Cell Microbiol 9, 2562-2570.
Forbes, J.R., Gros, P., 2001. Divalent-metal transport by NRAMP proteins at the interface of host-pathogen interactions. Trends Microbiol 9, 397-403.
Forbes, N.S., 2010. Engineering the perfect (bacterial) cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 10, 785-794.
Forbes, N.S., Munn, L.L., Fukumura, D., Jain, R.K., 2003. Sparse initial entrapment of systemically injected Salmonella typhimurium leads to heterogeneous accumulation within tumors. Cancer Res 63, 5188-5193.
Fu, Y., Galan, J.E., 1999. A salmonella protein antagonizes Rac-1 and Cdc42 to mediate host- cell recovery after bacterial invasion. Nature 401, 293-297.
Fujiwara, T., Bandi, M., Nitta, M., Ivanova, E.V., Bronson, R.T., Pellman, D., 2005. Cytokinesis failure generating tetraploids promotes tumorigenesis in p53-null cells. Nature 437, 1043-1047. Galan, J.E., 2001. Salmonella interactions with host cells: type III secretion at work. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 17, 53-86.
Galan, J.E., Curtiss, R., 3rd, 1989a. Cloning and molecular characterization of genes whose products allow Salmonella typhimurium to penetrate tissue culture cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86, 6383-6387.
Galan, J.E., Curtiss, R., 3rd, 1989b. Virulence and vaccine potential of phoP mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. Microb Pathog 6, 433-443.
Galan, J.E., Wolf-Watz, H., 2006. Protein delivery into eukaryotic cells by type III secretion machines. Nature 444, 567-573.
Galyov, E.E., Wood, M.W., Rosqvist, R., Mullan, P.B., Watson, P.R., Hedges, S., Wallis, T.S., 1997. A secreted effector protein of Salmonella dublin is translocated into eukaryotic cells and mediates inflammation and fluid secretion in infected ileal mucosa. Mol Microbiol 25, 903-912. Garcia-del Portillo, F., Finlay, B.B., 1995. Targeting of Salmonella typhimurium to vesicles containing lysosomal membrane glycoproteins bypasses compartments with mannose 6- phosphate receptors. J Cell Biol 129, 81-97.
Garcia-del Portillo, F., Zwick, M.B., Leung, K.Y., Finlay, B.B., 1993. Salmonella induces the formation of filamentous structures containing lysosomal membrane glycoproteins in epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90, 10544-10548.
Garcia Vescovi, E., Soncini, F.C., Groisman, E.A., 1996. Mg2+ as an extracellular signal: environmental regulation of Salmonella virulence. Cell 84, 165-174.
Garg, S., Porcar, L., Woodka, A.C., Butler, P.D., Perez-Salas, U., 2011. Noninvasive neutron scattering measurements reveal slower cholesterol transport in model lipid membranes. Biophys J 101, 370-377.
186 Garmendia, J., Beuzon, C.R., Ruiz-Albert, J., Holden, D.W., 2003. The roles of SsrA-SsrB and OmpR-EnvZ in the regulation of genes encoding the Salmonella typhimurium SPI-2 type III secretion system. Microbiology 149, 2385-2396.
Garner, M.J., Hayward, R.D., Koronakis, V., 2002. The Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 secretion system directs cellular cholesterol redistribution during mammalian cell entry and intracellular trafficking. Cell Microbiol 4, 153-165.
Gewirtz, A.T., Simon, P.O., Jr., Schmitt, C.K., Taylor, L.J., Hagedorn, C.H., O'Brien, A.D., Neish, A.S., Madara, J.L., 2001. Salmonella typhimurium translocates flagellin across intestinal epithelia, inducing a proinflammatory response. J Clin Invest 107, 99-109.
Girard, F., Strausfeld, U., Fernandez, A., Lamb, N.J., 1991. Cyclin A is required for the onset of DNA replication in mammalian fibroblasts. Cell 67, 1169-1179.
Gisselsson, D., Pettersson, L., Hoglund, M., Heidenblad, M., Gorunova, L., Wiegant, J., Mertens, F., Dal Cin, P., Mitelman, F., Mandahl, N., 2000. Chromosomal breakage-fusion-bridge events cause genetic intratumor heterogeneity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 5357-5362.
Goluszko, P., Nowicki, B., 2005. Membrane cholesterol: a crucial molecule affecting interactions of microbial pathogens with mammalian cells. Infect Immun 73, 7791-7796.
Gondwe, E.N., Molyneux, M.E., Goodall, M., Graham, S.M., Mastroeni, P., Drayson, M.T., MacLennan, C.A., 2010. Importance of antibody and complement for oxidative burst and killing of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella by blood cells in Africans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 3070-3075.
Gonzalez-Escobedo, G., Gunn, J.S., 2013. The Gallbladder Epithelium as a Niche for Chronic Salmonella Carriage. Infect Immun.
Gonzalez-Escobedo, G., Marshall, J.M., Gunn, J.S., 2011. Chronic and acute infection of the gall bladder by Salmonella Typhi: understanding the carrier state. Nat Rev Microbiol 9, 9-14. Gordon, M.A., Banda, H.T., Gondwe, M., Gordon, S.B., Boeree, M.J., Walsh, A.L., Corkill, J.E., Hart, C.A., Gilks, C.F., Molyneux, M.E., 2002. Non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia among HIV-infected Malawian adults: high mortality and frequent recrudescence. AIDS 16, 1633-1641. Goto, H., Tomono, Y., Ajiro, K., Kosako, H., Fujita, M., Sakurai, M., Okawa, K., Iwamatsu, A., Okigaki, T., Takahashi, T., Inagaki, M., 1999. Identification of a novel phosphorylation site on histone H3 coupled with mitotic chromosome condensation. J Biol Chem 274, 25543-25549. Gottlieb, T.M., Oren, M., 1998. p53 and apoptosis. Semin Cancer Biol 8, 359-368.
Graham, S.M., Molyneux, E.M., Walsh, A.L., Cheesbrough, J.S., Molyneux, M.E., Hart, C.A., 2000a. Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections of children in tropical Africa. Pediatr Infect Dis J 19, 1189-1196.
Graham, S.M., Walsh, A.L., Molyneux, E.M., Phiri, A.J., Molyneux, M.E., 2000b. Clinical presentation of non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in Malawian children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94, 310-314.
187 Grant, A.J., Morgan, F.J., McKinley, T.J., Foster, G.L., Maskell, D.J., Mastroeni, P., 2012. Attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium Lacking the Pathogenicity Island-2 Type 3 Secretion System Grow to High Bacterial Numbers inside Phagocytes in Mice. PLoS Pathog 8, e1003070. Graves, P.R., Yu, L., Schwarz, J.K., Gales, J., Sausville, E.A., O'Connor, P.M., Piwnica-Worms, H., 2000. The Chk1 protein kinase and the Cdc25C regulatory pathways are targets of the anticancer agent UCN-01. J Biol Chem 275, 5600-5605.
Groisman, E.A., Ochman, H., 1997. How Salmonella became a pathogen. Trends Microbiol 5, 343-349.
Guerra, L., Cortes-Bratti, X., Guidi, R., Frisan, T., 2011. The biology of the cytolethal distending toxins. Toxins (Basel) 3, 172-190.
Guignot, J., Caron, E., Beuzon, C., Bucci, C., Kagan, J., Roy, C., Holden, D.W., 2004. Microtubule motors control membrane dynamics of Salmonella-containing vacuoles. J Cell Sci 117, 1033-1045.
Gulig, P.A., Danbara, H., Guiney, D.G., Lax, A.J., Norel, F., Rhen, M., 1993. Molecular analysis of spv virulence genes of the Salmonella virulence plasmids. Mol Microbiol 7, 825-830.
Guo, A., Lasaro, M.A., Sirard, J.C., Kraehenbuhl, J.P., Schifferli, D.M., 2007. Adhesin- dependent binding and uptake of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by dendritic cells. Microbiology 153, 1059-1069.
Gupta, P.K., Lee, E.F., Erozan, Y.S., Frost, J.K., Geddes, S.T., Donovan, P.A., 1979. Cytologic investigations in Chlamydia infection. Acta Cytol 23, 315-320.
Haneda, T., Ishii, Y., Shimizu, H., Ohshima, K., Iida, N., Danbara, H., Okada, N., 2012. Salmonella type III effector SpvC, a phosphothreonine lyase, contributes to reduction in inflammatory response during intestinal phase of infection. Cell Microbiol 14, 485-499.
Hansen-Wester, I., Hensel, M., 2001. Salmonella pathogenicity islands encoding type III secretion systems. Microbes Infect 3, 549-559.
Hao, M., Lin, S.X., Karylowski, O.J., Wustner, D., McGraw, T.E., Maxfield, F.R., 2002. Vesicular and non-vesicular sterol transport in living cells. The endocytic recycling compartment is a major sterol storage organelle. J Biol Chem 277, 609-617.
Hapfelmeier, S., Ehrbar, K., Stecher, B., Barthel, M., Kremer, M., Hardt, W.D., 2004. Role of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 effector proteins SipA, SopB, SopE, and SopE2 in Salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar Typhimurium colitis in streptomycin-pretreated mice. Infect Immun 72, 795-809.
Haraga, A., Miller, S.I., 2003. A Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium translocated leucine- rich repeat effector protein inhibits NF-kappa B-dependent gene expression. Infect Immun 71, 4052-4058.
Haraga, A., Ohlson, M.B., Miller, S.I., 2008. Salmonellae interplay with host cells. Nat Rev Microbiol 6, 53-66.
188 Harper, J.W., Adami, G.R., Wei, N., Keyomarsi, K., Elledge, S.J., 1993. The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75, 805-816.
Hase, K., Kawano, K., Nochi, T., Pontes, G.S., Fukuda, S., Ebisawa, M., Kadokura, K., Tobe, T., Fujimura, Y., Kawano, S., Yabashi, A., Waguri, S., Nakato, G., Kimura, S., Murakami, T., Iimura, M., Hamura, K., Fukuoka, S., Lowe, A.W., Itoh, K., Kiyono, H., Ohno, H., 2009. Uptake through glycoprotein 2 of FimH(+) bacteria by M cells initiates mucosal immune response. Nature 462, 226-230.
Hayashi, K., Zhao, M., Yamauchi, K., Yamamoto, N., Tsuchiya, H., Tomita, K., Kishimoto, H., Bouvet, M., Hoffman, R.M., 2009. Systemic targeting of primary bone tumor and lung metastasis of high-grade osteosarcoma in nude mice with a tumor-selective strain of Salmonella typhimurium. Cell Cycle 8, 870-875.
Hayward, R.D., Cain, R.J., McGhie, E.J., Phillips, N., Garner, M.J., Koronakis, V., 2005. Cholesterol binding by the bacterial type III translocon is essential for virulence effector delivery into mammalian cells. Mol Microbiol 56, 590-603.
Hayward, R.D., Koronakis, V., 1999. Direct nucleation and bundling of actin by the SipC protein of invasive Salmonella. EMBO J 18, 4926-4934.
Hayward, R.D., McGhie, E.J., Koronakis, V., 2000. Membrane fusion activity of purified SipB, a Salmonella surface protein essential for mammalian cell invasion. Mol Microbiol 37, 727-739. Helaine, S., Thompson, J.A., Watson, K.G., Liu, M., Boyle, C., Holden, D.W., 2010. Dynamics of intracellular bacterial replication at the single cell level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 3746- 3751.
Hemrajani, C., Berger, C.N., Robinson, K.S., Marches, O., Mousnier, A., Frankel, G., 2010. NleH effectors interact with Bax inhibitor-1 to block apoptosis during enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 3129-3134.
Henry, T., Couillault, C., Rockenfeller, P., Boucrot, E., Dumont, A., Schroeder, N., Hermant, A., Knodler, L.A., Lecine, P., Steele-Mortimer, O., Borg, J.P., Gorvel, J.P., Meresse, S., 2006. The Salmonella effector protein PipB2 is a linker for kinesin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 13497- 13502.
Hensel, M., 2004. Evolution of pathogenicity islands of Salmonella enterica. Int J Med Microbiol 294, 95-102.
Hensel, M., Shea, J.E., Waterman, S.R., Mundy, R., Nikolaus, T., Banks, G., Vazquez-Torres, A., Gleeson, C., Fang, F.C., Holden, D.W., 1998. Genes encoding putative effector proteins of the type III secretion system of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 are required for bacterial virulence and proliferation in macrophages. Mol Microbiol 30, 163-174.
Hersh, D., Monack, D.M., Smith, M.R., Ghori, N., Falkow, S., Zychlinsky, A., 1999. The Salmonella invasin SipB induces macrophage apoptosis by binding to caspase-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96, 2396-2401.
189 Hiemstra, P.S., van den Barselaar, M.T., Roest, M., Nibbering, P.H., van Furth, R., 1999. Ubiquicidin, a novel murine microbicidal protein present in the cytosolic fraction of macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 66, 423-428.
Higashide, W., Dai, S., Hombs, V.P., Zhou, D., 2002. Involvement of SipA in modulating actin dynamics during Salmonella invasion into cultured epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 4, 357-365. Hoffmann, C., Galle, M., Dilling, S., Kappeli, R., Muller, A.J., Songhet, P., Beyaert, R., Hardt, W.D., 2010. In macrophages, caspase-1 activation by SopE and the type III secretion system-1 of S. typhimurium can proceed in the absence of flagellin. PLoS One 5, e12477.
Horiguchi, Y., 2001. Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factors and Bordetella dermonecrotic toxin: the dermonecrosis-inducing toxins activating Rho small GTPases. Toxicon 39, 1619- 1627.
Humphreys, D., Hume, P.J., Koronakis, V., 2009. The Salmonella effector SptP dephosphorylates host AAA+ ATPase VCP to promote development of its intracellular replicative niche. Cell Host Microbe 5, 225-233.
Ibarra, J.A., Steele-Mortimer, O., 2009. Salmonella--the ultimate insider. Salmonella virulence factors that modulate intracellular survival. Cell Microbiol 11, 1579-1586.
Igbavboa, U., Avdulov, N.A., Chochina, S.V., Wood, W.G., 1997. Transbilayer distribution of cholesterol is modified in brain synaptic plasma membranes of knockout mice deficient in the low-density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E, or both proteins. J Neurochem 69, 1661- 1667.
Igbavboa, U., Avdulov, N.A., Schroeder, F., Wood, W.G., 1996. Increasing age alters transbilayer fluidity and cholesterol asymmetry in synaptic plasma membranes of mice. J Neurochem 66, 1717-1725.
Ikonen, E., 2008. Cellular cholesterol trafficking and compartmentalization. Nat Rev Mol Cell