FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Note 5 Derivative instruments
For a further discussion of the Firm’s use and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments, see Note 6 on pages 202–210 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2011 Annual Report .
Notional amount of derivative contracts
The following table summarizes the notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 .
While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative transactions, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is used simply as a reference to calculate payments.
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Notional amounts (a)
(in billions) March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
Interest rate contracts
Swaps $ 37,382 $ 38,704
Futures and forwards 9,917 7,888
Written options 4,005 3,842
Purchased options 4,102 4,026
Total interest rate contracts 55,406 54,460
Credit derivatives 6,164 5,774
Foreign exchange contracts
Cross-currency swaps 3,211 2,931
Spot, futures and forwards 4,707 4,512
Written options 711 674
Purchased options 722 670
Total foreign exchange contracts 9,351 8,787
Equity contracts
Swaps 131 119
Futures and forwards 51 38
Written options 527 460
Purchased options 482 405
Total equity contracts 1,191 1,022
Commodity contracts
Swaps 346 341
Spot, futures and forwards 216 188
Written options 347 310
Purchased options 311 274
Total commodity contracts 1,220 1,113
Total derivative notional amounts $ 73,332 $ 71,156
(a) Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.
Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 , by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated as hedges or not) and contract type.
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Free-standing derivative receivables and payables (a)
Gross derivative receivables Gross derivative payables
March 31, 2012 (in millions)
Not designated as
hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative
receivables Net derivative receivables (c)
Not designated as
hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables (c)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate $ 1,259,472 $ 7,063 $ 1,266,535 $ 41,520 $ 1,222,353 $ 2,171 $ 1,224,524 $ 24,235
Credit 126,555 — 126,555 6,625 124,986 — 124,986 6,703
Foreign exchange (b) 139,071 2,544 141,615 13,056 151,841 1,544 153,385 15,534
Equity 49,371 — 49,371 8,995 49,786 — 49,786 12,909
Commodity 57,240 1,135 58,375 15,181 59,134 1,350 60,484 15,093
Total fair value of trading assets
and liabilities $ 1,631,709 $ 10,742 $ 1,642,451 $ 85,377 $ 1,608,100 $ 5,065 $ 1,613,165 $ 74,474
Gross derivative receivables Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2011 (in millions)
Not designated as
hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative
receivables Net derivative receivables (c)
Not designated as
hedges
Designated as hedges
Total derivative payables
Net derivative payables (c)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate $ 1,433,900 $ 7,621 $ 1,441,521 $ 46,369 $ 1,397,625 $ 2,192 $ 1,399,817 $ 28,010
Credit 169,650 — 169,650 6,684 165,121 — 165,121 5,610
Foreign exchange (b) 163,497 4,666 168,163 17,890 165,353 655 166,008 17,435
Equity 47,736 — 47,736 6,793 46,366 — 46,366 9,655
Commodity 53,894 3,535 57,429 14,741 58,836 1,108 59,944 14,267
Total fair value of trading assets
and liabilities $ 1,868,677 $ 15,822 $ 1,884,499 $ 92,477 $ 1,833,301 $ 3,955 $ 1,837,256 $ 74,977
(a) Excludes structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. See Note 4 on pages 101–102 of this Form 10-Q for further information.
(b) Excludes $10 million and $11 million of foreign currency-denominated debt designated as a net investment hedge at March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 , respectively.
(c) As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.
Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income Fair value hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative and the related hedged item in the same line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
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Gains/(losses) recorded in income Income statement impact due to:
Three months March 31, 2012
(in millions) Derivatives Hedged items
Total income
statement impact ineffectiveness Hedge (e)
Excluded components (f)
Contract type
Interest rate (a) $ (375 ) $ 488 $ 113 $ 28 $ 85
Foreign exchange (b) (2,954 )
(d)
2,950 (4 ) — (4 )
Commodity (c) (2,176 ) 1,694 (482 ) 27 (509 )
Total $ (5,505 ) $ 5,132 $ (373 ) $ 55 $ (428 )
Gains/(losses) recorded in income Income statement impact due to:
Three months March 31, 2011
(in millions) Derivatives Hedged items
Total income
statement impact ineffectiveness Hedge (e)
Excluded components (f)
Contract type
Interest rate (a) $ (718 ) $ 800 $ 82 $ (9 ) $ 91
Foreign exchange (b) (3,206 )
(d)
3,124 (82 ) — (82 )
Commodity (c) (73 ) 433 360 (1 ) 361
Total $ (3,997 ) $ 4,357 $ 360 $ (10 ) $ 370
(a) Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities.
Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b) Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items, due to changes in spot foreign currency rates, were recorded in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.
(c) Consists of overall fair value hedges of certain commodities inventories. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(d) Included $(2.8) billion and $(3.2) billion for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, of revenue related to certain foreign exchange trading derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments.
(e) Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument does not exactly offset the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.
(f) Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. Amounts related to excluded components are recorded in current-period income.
Cash flow hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The Firm includes the gain/(loss) on the hedging derivative in the same line item as the offsetting change in cash flows on the hedged item in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that $14 million (after-tax) of net gains recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) at March 31, 2012, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. The maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is 9 years, and such transactions primarily relate to core lending and borrowing activities.
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Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss) (c)
Three months March 31, 2012 (in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in
income (d)
Total income statement impact
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate (a) $ 21 $ 5 $ 26 $ (120 ) $ (141 )
Foreign exchange (b) (1 ) — (1 ) 79 80
Total $ 20 $ 5 $ 25 $ (41 ) $ (61 )
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss) (c)
Three months March 31, 2011 (in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in
income (d)
Total income statement impact
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate (a) $ 94 $ 3 $ 97 $ (31 ) $ (125 )
Foreign exchange (b) 22 — 22 18 (4 )
Total $ 116 $ 3 $ 119 $ (13 ) $ (129 )
(a) Primarily consists of benchmark interest rate hedges of LIBOR-indexed floating-rate assets and floating-rate liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b) Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.
(c) The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.
(d) Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the cumulative gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument exceeds the present value of the cumulative expected change in cash flows on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.
Net investment hedge gains and losses
The following table present hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.
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Gains/(losses) recorded in income and
other comprehensive income/(loss)
2012 2011
Three months ended March 31, (in millions)
Excluded components recorded directly
in income (a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
Excluded components recorded directly
in income (a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives $ (55 ) $ (267 ) $ (71 ) $ (390 )
(a) Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. Amounts related to excluded components are recorded in current-period income. The Firm measures the ineffectiveness of net investment hedge accounting relationships based on changes in spot foreign currency rates, and therefore there was no ineffectiveness for net investment hedge accounting relationships during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 .
Derivatives gains and losses not designated as hedging instruments
The following table presents pretax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge
relationships, that are used to manage certain specified risk exposures, including those arising from the wholesale loan portfolio, MSRs, certain asset/liability management positions and certain commodities-related investments.
The table above does not include derivatives used in market-making activities or to manage enterprise risk exposures arising from market-making and other financial intermediation activities.
See Note 6 on page 110 of this Form 10-Q for information on trading revenue.
Derivatives gains/(losses)
recorded in income Three months ended March 31,
(in millions) 2012 2011
Contract type
Interest rate (a) $ 536 $ 75
Credit (b) (74 ) (58 )
Foreign exchange (c) 5 (8 )
Commodity (b) (10 ) —
Total $ 457 $ 9
(a) Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue, mortgage fees and related income, and net interest income.
(b) Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c) Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.
Credit risk, liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features For a more detailed discussion of credit risk, liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features, see Note 6 on pages 202–
210 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2011 Annual Report.
The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a downgrade and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business at March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 .
Derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions) March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
Aggregate fair value of net
derivative payables $ 20,134 $ 16,937
Collateral posted 18,907 11,429
The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch ratings downgrade to JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, primarily JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”) at March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 , related to derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a downgrade.
Liquidity impact of derivative downgrade triggers
The following tables show the carrying value of derivative receivables and payables after netting adjustments, and adjustments for collateral held and transferred as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 .
Impact of netting adjustments on derivative receivables and payables
Total derivative collateral
March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
(in millions)
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch
downgrade Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade $ 971 $ 1,696 $ 1,460 $ 2,054
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade
1,142 1,780 1,054 1,923
Derivative receivables Derivative payables
(in millions) March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011 March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
Gross derivative fair value $ 1,642,451 $ 1,884,499 $ 1,613,165 $ 1,837,256
Netting adjustment – offsetting receivables/payables (a) (1,483,439 ) (1,710,523 ) (1,483,439 ) (1,710,523 )
Netting adjustment – cash collateral received/paid (a) (73,635 ) (81,499 ) (55,252 ) (51,756 )
Carrying value on Consolidated Balance Sheets $ 85,377 $ 92,477 $ 74,474 $ 74,977
Collateral held Collateral transferred
(in millions) March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011 March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
Netting adjustment for cash collateral (a) $ 73,635 $ 81,499 $ 55,252 $ 51,756
Liquid securities and other cash collateral (b) 18,401 21,807 18,680 19,439
Additional liquid securities and cash collateral (c) 19,616 17,613 10,643 10,824
Total collateral for derivative transactions $ 111,652 $ 120,919 $ 84,575 $ 82,019
(a) As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.
(b) Represents cash collateral received and paid that is not subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement, and liquid securities collateral held and transferred.
(c) Represents liquid securities and cash collateral held and transferred at the initiation of derivative transactions, which is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the transactions move, as well as collateral held and transferred related to contracts that have non-daily call frequency for collateral to be posted, and collateral that the Firm or a counterparty has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. These amounts were not netted against the derivative receivables and payables in the tables above, because, at an individual counterparty level, the collateral exceeded the fair value exposure at both March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011.
Credit derivatives
For a more detailed discussion of credit risk, liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features, see Note 6 on pages 202–
210 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2011 Annual Report.
The following tables present a summary of the notional amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes the Firm sold and purchased as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011.
Upon a credit event, the Firm as a seller of protection would typically pay out only a percentage of the full notional amount of net protection sold, as the amount actually required to be paid on the contracts takes into account the recovery value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement. The Firm manages the credit risk on contracts to sell protection by purchasing protection with identical or similar underlying reference entities. Other purchased protection referenced in the following tables includes credit derivatives bought on
related, but not identical, reference positions (including indices, portfolio coverage and other reference points) as well as protection purchased through credit-related notes.
The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.
Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
The following tables summarize the notional and fair value amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives and credit-related notes where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.
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Maximum payout/Notional amount
March 31, 2012 (in millions) Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings (c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased
(d)
Other protection purchased (e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps (a) $ (3,072,113 ) $ 2,942,724 $ (129,389 ) $ 32,018
Other credit derivatives (b) (84,042 ) 7,327 (76,715 ) 25,674
Total credit derivatives (3,156,155 ) 2,950,051 (206,104 ) 57,692
Credit-related notes (510 ) — (510 ) 4,157
Total $ (3,156,665 ) $ 2,950,051 $ (206,614 ) $ 61,849
Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2011 (in millions) Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings (c)
Net protection (sold)/purchased
(d)
Other protection purchased (e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps (a) $ (2,839,492 ) $ 2,798,207 $ (41,285 ) $ 29,139
Other credit derivatives (b) (79,711 ) 4,954 (74,757 ) 22,292
Total credit derivatives (2,919,203 ) 2,803,161 (116,042 ) 51,431
Credit-related notes (742 ) — (742 ) 3,944
Total $ (2,919,945 ) $ 2,803,161 $ (116,784 ) $ 55,375
(a) At March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, included: (1) $100 million and $131 million of protection sold, respectively, and (2) $29.7 billion and $26.4 billion of protection purchased, respectively, related to credit portfolio activity.
(b) Primarily consists of total return swaps and CDS options.
(c) Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold;
the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.
(d) Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.
(e) Represents protection purchased by the Firm through single-name and index CDS or credit-related notes.
Protection sold – credit derivatives and credit-related notes ratings (a) /maturity profile
March 31, 2012 (in millions) <1 year 1–5 years >5 years
Total
notional amount Fair value (b)
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade $ (375,391 ) $ (1,322,649 ) $ (454,882 ) $ (2,152,922 ) $ (27,142 )
Noninvestment-grade (247,436 ) (602,887 ) (153,420 ) (1,003,743 ) (64,124 )
Total $ (622,827 ) $ (1,925,536 ) $ (608,302 ) $ (3,156,665 ) $ (91,266 )
December 31, 2011 (in millions) <1 year 1–5 years >5 years
Total
notional amount Fair value (b)
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade $ (352,215 ) $ (1,262,143 ) $ (345,996 ) $ (1,960,354 ) $ (57,697 )
Noninvestment-grade (241,823 ) (589,954 ) (127,814 ) (959,591 ) (85,304 )
Total $ (594,038 ) $ (1,852,097 ) $ (473,810 ) $ (2,919,945 ) $ (143,001 )
(a) The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings, which generally correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b) Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received by the Firm.
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