.GRAMMAR AND USAGE
9. DIRECT AND REPORTED SPEECH 413. Read these sentences :
414.Vinoth said ‘I am writing now’
415.Vinoth said that he was writing then.
416.In the first sentence, the exact words of Vinoth are given. This is called Direct speech.
417.In the second sentence, a report is given without quoting Vinoth’s exact words. This is called Reported (or indirect) speech.
418.It will be noticed that in Direct speech, inverted commas are used to mark off the exact word of the speaker. In reported speech the inverted commas are removed.
419.It will be further noticed that in changing the above direct speech into reported certain changes have been made,
1. The
conjunction that is used before the reported speech.
2. The
pronoun T is changed to ‘he’
3. The
verb am is changed to was (Present Tense is changed to Past) 4. The
adverb now is changed to then 420. Rules to follow to report a quote
421.MC + Q
422. __________—— Speaker
423.---MC Reporting Verb 424. Listener
_____ ___ _ ___ Kind of sentence
425. Q Quoted verb
426. Personal pronouns 427.+ - Conjunction
428.T - Tense form, Change of special words Things to recall and remember
429. Rewriting the four kinds of sentence from direct to reported speech and vice
versa Tasks
1. A bus company wants to stop its service between a village and a town. The manager, Mr.
Rajan is at a meeting in the village. Report what is said. Examples:-430. ‘The service is losing money”
431. Mr. Rajan explained that the service was losing money.
432. ‘Please try to understand our company’s position”
433. He asked the villagers to try to understand their company’s position.
1) ‘Lots of people use the buses’
434.---Mr. Ganesan said that 2) ‘How can we get to town?’
3)
2. What does your English teacher like you to do?
4) ^ Work hard.
5) ^ Bring a dictionary to the English class.
6) ^ Write new words down in a vocabulary book.
7) ^ Listen to English programmes on the radio.
8)---She/ he tells / asks . 3. You have attended an interview.
9) The questions asked in the interview are given below. Report it to your father.
10) How old are you? Are you married?
11) Where did you study?
12) Can you type?
13) Do you have your own transport?
14) Have you had a job before?
15) How long have you been working in your present job?
16) Why have you applied for this job?
17) Are you willing to work on Saturdays?
18) What do you do in your spare time?
19) What are your interests?
4. How to lose weight? Here are six golden rules for you.
1. Make a diet plan.
2. Weigh yourself every day.
3. Don’t eat between meals.
4. Eat slowly.
5. Drink coffee and tea without sugar.
6. Don’t fast: just eat less.
20) What do the golden rules tell you to do?
21) Convey it to your friend.
22)---Rule 1 tells me ---.
5. Star Warnings.
1) Be extra careful when you travel.
2) Don’t make too many promises.
3) Be careful with your money.
4) Take care of your health.
5) Refuse all unexpected invitations.
23) What do the stars advise you to do and warn not to do ?.
6. Rewrite each sentence adding an appropriate interjection from the box. Punctuate and capitalize your sentence correctly.
24) aha, okay, bravo, hey, well, no, oh, yes, goodness, wow, alas, hooray.
1) pay attention to me
2) think about the personality of your character
25)
3) i dont understand this speech 4) why would your character stay that 5) i understand this now
6) ill speak these lines in a deep voice 7) your gestures added a lot to this scene 8) that was really terrific
9) he is no more
7. Look at the following sentences.
26) The Headmaster said, ‘Come in, Sundari. What do you want?
27) Sundari said, ‘May I be at home on Wednesday, sir? My father is returning from Delhi.’
28) The Headmaster said, ‘At what time will he arrive?’
29) Sundari said, ‘The aeroplane is due to arrive at 3 p.m.’
30) What did the Headmaster and Sundari say?
8. Read the following sentences and complete the dialogue with the reported form of these sentences.
1. I am looking for a job.
2. I’ll trim the plants.
3. My brother always looks after the garden.
4. When I got back, I found that some one had broken into the house and 31) stolen all my jewellery.
5. We’ve been trying to catch the man for months but he has always managed to get away.
32) Don’t give jobs to strangers.
33)Mrs. Vinoth
Mr. Vinoth Mrs. Vinoth Mr. Vinoth Mrs. Vinoth
Mr. Vinoth Mrs. Vinoth Mr. Vinoth Mrs. Vinoth Mr. Vinoth
36)__________________________________You, remember, I told you about a man who came here last week and said ______________ (1)__________
37) Did you? What happened?
38)_______________________Well, He said ____ (2)
39) -(3)_
40) Ah, now I remember, you told him
41) Well, this morning Mrs. Patel came round, looking very upset. She had employed that man to work in the garden. Then she went out shopping.
42)_____________________________I can imagine what happened. She said
43) -(4)_
44) Have the police caught him? Not so far, they told her _ _ _ 45) -(S)_
46) -(6)_
47)Well, I’m glad, I told yo
48) uREFERENCES
1. Wellman Guy (1989), ‘English Grammar’
49) Hong Kong, Macmillan Publishers and English Language Arts.
2. GammidgeMick(2002), ‘Grammar Works’
50) U.K, Cambridge University Press.
3. East Wood John (1990), ‘A basic English Grammar’
51) London, Oxford University Press.
4. M.L. Tickoo & A.E. Subramanian, ‘A Functional Grammar with Usage and Composition’, Delhi, Frank Bros. & Co,.
5. PN. Raman (1989), ‘Grammar and Writing Practice’
52) Madras, Orient Longman.
6. Prince Wallaker Jillayne (2006), ‘Basic Grammar Skills’
53) New Delhi, Viva Education.
7. Uma Raman, ‘My big book ofGrammar’
54) Rathna Sager
8. Wren & Martin, ‘English Grammar & Composition’
55) New Delhi, S. Chand & Company Ltd, Fourth Edition.
9. Lad.o Robert and Fries Charles (1956), ‘ Lessons in Vocabulary’
56) U.S.A., The University of Michigan.
10. MJarinayya, (R.N. Ghosh)‘ English Language Teaching’
57) Chennai, T.R. Publications.
11. Seymour David & Popova Maria, ‘700 Classroom Activities’
58) U.K., Macmillan.PART -B METHODOLOGY