When I saw him, he was playing chess
AS FOR THE TENSES THE VOICE IS CHANGED AS FOLLOWES:
1. Directly ‗Be‘ must be used instead of „Be‟ form
2. The past participle form of the verb should be added.
e.g.: Post this letter A.V.
Interrogative sentences must be changed as follows:
1. Why did he write the letter? --- Why was the letter written by him?
2. How did they solve the problem? --- How was the problem solved by them?
3. Where did you hide the book? --- Where was the book hidden by you?
4. When did she bring the file? --- When was the file brought by her?
Note: The Interrogative sentences should be changed as the assertive sentences can be, with some changes.
1. We should write the question word (why, where, etc.) first.
2. The helping verb must be written before the subject.
3. Some of the questions start without a question word,
e.g.: Did they finish the work?. --- Was the work finished by them?
Have you repaired the box?--- Has the box been repaired by you?
Some times we may have two objects, for which we can make passive in two ways.
e.g.: He gave me a book. A.V. --- A book was given (to) me by him. P.V.
I was given a book by him. P.V.
We can change the sentences in passive voice into active voice by following the rules in rivers. But in some passive sentences we can‘t find the object then we have to adopt some words
like, ‗some one, we, they, you, etc‘. as the subject.
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e.g.: The thief was caught. --- Some one caught the thief.
Promises should be kept--- We should keep promises.
Now let us see the above sentences, structure wise in a table:
1. Imperative Sentences Let the door be opened.
Requests
A.V. Structure Please+v1+object Sentences Please open the door.
P.V. Structure You are requested to+v1+object Sentences You are requested to open the door
2. Interrogative
Sentences How did you finish the work?
How had he finished the work?
P.V.
Structure Q.W+H.V+object+(been)+v3+by+subject?
Sentences
How was the work finished by you?
How had the work been finished by him?
Helping verbs
A.V.
Structure H.V.+subject+v1/v3+object Sentences Did he complete the work
Had he completed the work P.V.
Structure H.V.+object+v3+by+subject Sentences Was the work completed by him
Had the work been completed by him.
3. Double objects
QW=Question word, HV=Helping verb, DO=Direct object, IDO=Indirect object
Usually in the passive construction the object is preceded by the preposition ‗by‘,but in some constructions ‗by‘is not suitable for them. In such cases we should take the prepositions ‗in‘, ‗to‘, etc. as per the necessity
AP state syllabus – class-IXTM – page-87-89
.e.g.: The bottle contains water.--Water is contained in the bottle.
I know him -- He is known to me.
Some times there is no need of using any preposition after the verb because there isn‘t much scope for the object in passive voice; it may be unknown.
e.g.: Some one has stolen my watch—My watch has been stolen.
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Chapter 13
ASKING QUESTIONS AND QUESTION TAGS (Making Statements, Negatives, Questions, And Question Negatives)
Asking Questions : Questions can be asked in two ways;
1. Started with question words like, ‗what‘, ‗where‘, ‗when‘, ‗why‘, ‗which‘, etc.
e.g.: What is your name? When did you come here?
AP state syllabus – class-VIIITM – page-99-102
The structure must be—Q.W + H.V + Subject + M.V. + --- + ?
The answers for these questions must be in at least one or two sentences.
2. Started with Helping Verbs like, ‗do‘, ‗is‘, ‗can‘, ‗will‘, ‗may‘, etc.
where as in statements, after the subject;
Some other Specific ways of seeking information:
AP state syllabus – class-VIIITM – page-22,23,86 & 87
e.g.: How far, How long, How many, How much, How old, How big, etc.
Structure : How---+ ( Adjective + ) Verb + Subject + --- + ? Making Statements, Negatives, Questions, and Question negatives:
Sl .
no Sentence Structure Example
1. Statement Subject + Verb +---
It is common practice in conversation to make a statement and ask for conformation; as, ―It‘s very hot, isn‘t it?‖ The later part, (‗isn‘t it?‘)is called a question tag. The pattern is
(i) Helping verb+ n‘t + Subject, if the statement is positive, (ii) Helping verb + Subject,if the statement is negative.
35 Negative Question TagsforPositive statements It‘s raining, isn‘t it?
You are free, aren‘t you?
Sita can swim well, can‘t she?
Gopi broke the glass, didn‘t he?
Your sister cooks well, doesn‘t she?
I‘m alright, aren‘t I?
He was brilliant, wasn‘t he?
They were good boys, weren‘t they?
You cross your limits, don‘t you?
They have committed a mistake, haven‘t they?
She has listened the story, hasn‘t she?
My mother had cooked the dinner, hadn‘t she?
My father hadn‘t stopped smoking, had he?
They will go to Chennai, won‘t they?
She shall meet him, shan‘t she?
Ravi can complete this, can‘t he?
Positive Question Tags forNegative statements.
You aren‘t busy, are you?
She can‘t swim, can she?
Mohan doesn‘t work hard, does he?
They haven‘t come yet, have they?
She isn‘t your aunt, is she?
I‘m not a fool, am I?
He wasn‘t there, was he?
We weren‘t waiting, were we?
You don‘t go there, do you?
She hasn‘t believed him, has she?
I won‘t do it again, will I?
He shan‘t come again, shall he?
Lalitha can‘t accept this, can she?
Note: The subject of the question tag is always a pronoun, never a noun and it starts with a small letter.
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Chapter 14
REPORTED SPEECH (Direct And Indirect Speech)
In English speech is two types- Direct speech & Indirect speech Direct speech is always in the quotation marks
AP state syllabus – class-IXTM – page-21-23, 64 & 100
e.g.: Rama said to Krishna, “I am going to market” (Direct speech) Rama told Krishna that he was going to market. (Indirect speech)
In the above example the words in the quotation marks are told directly by Rama. But in the next sentence the words are told indirectly by others. while changing the sentences from
the direct speech into indirect speech the following things should be observed 1. The sentence in the direct speech is divided into two parts-Reporting part &
Reported part