DIRSIG Configuration

Introduction:

The teacher informs the students that for proper capture of the concept, it will be presented in form of a play or drama called simulation game by few students. She gives the students necessary instructions concerning

the game. She also motivates the students on the need of them to be serious with the game by participating actively, maintaining absolute tranquility, listening and watching very attentively.

The teachers, having assigned the game personae on their roles before the day of the lesson, then introduce them to the whole class as follows;

Student A - Fats Student B - Oils

Student C - Caustic soda (caustic alkali) Student D - Soap

Student E - Glycerol

The teacher at once declares the game open.

Student Activities:

Student A -(Approaches immediately in front of the stage). As you all can see, I am fat, a bona fide member of lipids and course an ester. I am solid at room temperature and mainly from animal origin, though I can be synthesized from vegetable oil on rare bases. I melt at high point because of the high proportion of esters of saturated fatty acids in me. I can never be dissolved by water but only need organic solvents like carbon disulphide, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride to dissolve among others. You can identify me as butter, and lard from animal origin, or as

vegetable oil and coconut oil from plant origin. As a matter of fact, I can react with caustic alkali to produce soap and glycerol.

Student B- (Also approaches in front of the stage). I am oil, a beloved sister to fat, but liquid at room temperature and mainly from plant origin, though there are exceptions where I am synthesized from animal origin. I melt at lower points because of higher proportion of esters of unsaturated fatty acids in me. I am also not dissolved in anyway by water but can be dissolved by organic solvents like carbon disulphide, chloroform, carbontetrachloride and so on. I am also insoluble in alcohol but sparingly soluble in hot alcohol. I can be identified as linseed oil, groundnut oil, cashew oil, olive oil, almond oil, etc from plant origin or as Cordelier oil, whale oil, fish oil etc, from animal origin.

Chemically, I am hydrogenated in the presence of finely of divided nickel catalyst at a temperature of 200⁰C and 5 atmospheres to produce solid fats known as Margarine. I can as well react with caustic alkali to produce soap and glycerol.

Student C- (Approaches in front of the stage). I am caustic soda (NaOH), an alkali. I am liquid at room temperature. In my real nature, I am colourless and odourless. In all forms, I am highly corrosive and reactive, and that is why I can react with facts and oils to produce soap and glycerol.

Student A and B: Oh since you can react with us and we can react with you, let us do so now….. (three of them collide and the light fades. The light returns and students D and E join the game). Vegetables on rare bases. I melts at higher points because of higher proportion of esters of saturated fatty acids in me. I can never be dissolved by water but only need organic solvents like carbondisulphide, chloroform, carbontetrachloride (CC1₄), among others to dissolve me. You can identify me as butter, and lard from animal origin, or as vegetable ghee and coconut oil from plant origin.

As a matter of fact, I can react with caustic alkali to produce soap and glycerol.

Student B – (Also approaches in front of the stage). I am oil, a beloved sister to fat, but liquid at room temperature and mainly from plant origin, though there are exceptions where I am synthesized from animal origin. I melts at lower points because of higher proportion of esters of unsaturated fatty acids in me I am also not dissolved in anyway by water but can be dissolved by organic solvents like solvents like carbondisulphide, chloroform, carbontetrachloride and so on. I am also insoluble in alcohol but sparingly soluble in hot alcohol. I can be identified as linseed oil, groundnut oil, cashew oil, olive oil, almond oil, avocado oil, etc from plant origin or as cordliver oil, whale oil, fish oil etc, from animal origin.

Chemically, I am hydrogenated or hardened in the presence of finely divided nickel catalyst at a temperature of 200⁰C and 5 atm to produce solid fats known as Margerine. I can as well react with caustic alkali to produce soap and glycerol.

Student C – (Approaches in front of the stage). I am caustic soda (NaOH), an alkali. I am liquid at room temperature. In my real nature, I am colourless and odourless. In all forms, I am highly corrosive and reactive, and that is why I can react with facts and oils to produce soap and glycerol.

Student A and B: Oh since you can react with us and we can react with you, let do so now ………….. (three of them collide and the light fades.

The light returns and students D and E join the game.

Student D: Oh what a surprising reaction between fats and caustic soda to produce me. I am a hybrid). I am soap, the sodium salt of the component fatty acids. I am proud of myself because of my usefulness that the world cannot do without me. Among other uses, I am used as surfactants for washing. All of you here use me for bathing and all other form of washing. I am used in textile spinning and serve as impotent component of lubricants.

Student E- (approaches in front of the stage). I am propane I,2,3, triol but my nick name is glycerol. Despite the fact that I am a by-product, I have thousands of uses to all and sundry. Among other uses, I am used

as moisturizing agent, as a basic ingredient in the gums and resins used to make many modern protective coatings such as exterior house paints, as protective medium for freezing red blood cells, sperm cells, eye corneas and other living tissues. (the game ends).

Teacher’s Activities: The teacher summons a big applause for the students who participated in the game and highly commends their efforts as well as the efforts of the whole class for their active participation.

Adjourns the class for debriefing.

PERIOD 9 (80mins)

Debriefing and General discussion on Saponification

She them guides the students to reflect on and analyze the whole activities pointing out the important facts they learnt from the exercise.

Student’s Activities: They pay attention, listen attentively, make contributions, note salient points in their notebooks and receive clarification where necessary

Skills Emphasized: Simulation game, reinforcement, verbal communication, questioning.

Step v: Evaluation

Teacher’s Activities: The teacher evaluates the student on the following:

1. Define Saponification

2. Identify two conditions necessary for saponification to occur 3. Write the equation for saponification

4. Mention the types soap

5. Explain fats and oils with examples 6. Identify at least three (3) uses of soap Students Activities: They answer questions.

Skill Emphasized: Questioning Step V: Summary and conclusion

Teacher’s Activities: Reinforces, give corrections and a brief summary based on the day’s topic and thanks the whole class for their active participation. Adjourns for esterification.

PERIODS 10,11and12 FOR SIMULATION PLAY LESSONS ON ESTERIFICATION

Class: SS 3 Age: 15-17 years

Duration: 3 periods of 80mins each Topic: Esterification

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of this lesson, the Students should be able to 1. Define the term Esterification

2. Explain the process of esterification using relevant equations 3. Give at least two physical and chemical properties each of esters.

4. Outline 3 uses of esters.

ENTRY BEHAVIOUR:

The Student can explain neutralization reactions.

PERIOD 10 (80mins)