Disaster Management Regulatory Framework

4. The country has a regulatory framework for disaster management that provides for the relevant legislative policy and best practice framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Management. There are four specific items in the Regulatory Framework as indicated below.

5. Disaster Management Act. The Act is the legislative tool for disaster risk and emergency management to be undertaken in the country and forms the legal basis under which all activities will be managed. The Act will also provide for establishing the institutional arrangements and to perform risk reduction as the core elements of disaster management.

6. National Disaster Management Policy. The National Disaster Management Policy has been formulated to define the strategic framework and principles of disaster management in the country with broad strategic national objective of Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Preparedness.

7. Disaster management plans. The National Disaster Management Plan 2010–2015 (NDMP) was issued in 2007. The focus of the NDMP is as follows:

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(i) Disaster management involves the management of both risks and consequences of disasters that would include prevention emergency response and post-disaster recovery. (ii) Community involvement for preparedness programs for protecting lives and properties

is a major focus. Involvement of local government bodies is an essential part of the strategy. Self-reliance should be the key for preparedness, response, and recovery.

(iii) Nonstructural mitigation measures such as community disaster preparedness training advocacy and public awareness must be given high priority; this would require integration of structural mitigation with nonstructural measures.

8. The major goal of this program is to promote risk reduction of disasters through community- based risk management. This approach represents a shift from post-disaster relief and response to comprehensive disaster management with an emphasis on preparedness. It is a holistic approach and includes hazard identification and risk reduction, community preparedness, and integrated response efforts.

9. The NDMP is both a strategic document and an umbrella document that provides the overall guidelines for the relevant sectors and the disaster committees at all levels to prepare and implement their specific plans. There are, therefore, disaster management (DM) plans at all levels of government and in all sectors, i.e.:

(i) NDMP, city corporation DM plans, district DM plans, upazila DM plans, union DM plans, and municipality DM plans;

(ii) agency DM plans: DM Bureau Plan; Disaster Relief and Rehabilitation Bureau Plan, and Cyclone Preparedness Plan;

(iii) hazard-specific plans for (i) cyclone management, (ii) flood management, and (iii) earthquake management; and

(iv) Tsunami Plan.

10. Standing Orders on disaster. The Standing Orders describe the detailed roles and responsibilities of all DM committees, ministries, and all organizations at all levels of government. These orders are given to ensure that the necessary actions are taken in implementing DM. The Standing Orders provide for making people in different government levels and different ministries responsible for duties and responsibilities for disaster management.

Disaster Risk Management Systems of Selected Countries

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Figure A5.1: Disaster Management Institutions in Bangladesh

B.

Indonesia

11. In order to facilitate the achievement of the Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project,1 _{the five sectoral groupings were further refined into 12 sectors with a focus on economy, civil}

infrastructure, social infrastructures, education, and rural water supply and sanitation (Figure A5.2). During this period, its activities were managed from the ADB Extended Mission for Sumatra (EMS) offices in Medan and Banda Aceh, as parallel structure to the government’s Agency for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Aceh-Nias (BRR).

1 _{Details of these loans, grants, and TA operations are in Appendix 2. They are not footnoted when they are referred to in the}

text.

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Figure A5.2: Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project (ETESP) Management Organization Structure

12. National Disaster Management Agency (BNBP). The mandate of BNBP is based on Presidential Decree No. 8/2008. BNPB, a nonministerial government institution coordinated by the Minister of Community Welfare, is under and is directly responsible to the President.

13. Role of BNBP in management of Indonesian Multi Donor Fund Facility for Disaster Recovery (IMDFF-DR). IMDFF-DR is a permanent mechanism to mobilize international funding to support and complete the government effort in accordance with national disaster management based on the Plan of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Action in Post Disaster Areas. IMDFF-DR was formed to provide a quick response after disasters that require international support and as an instrument to increase coordination between the government and aid agencies. Projects that will be funded through IMDFF- DR are complementary to government programs that are proposed based on the Assessment of Damage and Loss and the Action Plan of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction and established through Perka BNPB 3/2011 and Perka BNPB 5/2011. The management of IMDFF-DR is implemented through

ADB = Asian Development Bank, APBN = national budget, BRR = Agency for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Aceh-Nias, EMS = Extended Mission to Sumatra, ETESP = Earthquake and Tsunami Emergency Support Project, PIU = Project Implementation Unit, PMO = Project Management Office, PMU = Project Management Unit.

Source: Z. Imran, A. Permono, T. Nugroho, and R. Hutagaol. 2010. An Effort Towards Hope. ADB’s Track Record and

Disaster Risk Management Systems of Selected Countries

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two windows: the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) representative as the administrative agent and the World Bank as trustee.

14. Activities that are supported by IMDFF-DR are as follows:

(i) project investments and technical assistance including new stand-alone projects, cofinancing of new projects, funding of disaster risk reduction activities, and additional funding for new components in ongoing projects;

(ii) expanded projects or scaled-up activities that are implemented by implementing partners both in terms of area coverage, scale of existing activities, coverage of population reached, and other forms of expansion;

(iii) support to government programs, both sectoral and multisectoral, that become part of rehabilitation and reconstruction efforts;

(iv) construction and capacity development, assessment of post-disaster needs, planning of rehabilitation and reconstruction, and implementation of project monitoring and evaluation;

(v) establishment and operation of the secretariat including the appraisal of technical proposals;

(vi) monitoring and evaluation activities funded by IMDFF-DR including external evaluation activities; and

(vii) audit by an independent auditor or agreed to by the Steering Committee.

15. Recently (2011–2012), IMDFF-DR funds have been used to fill liquidity gaps between January and April and to complement the implementation of government programs, community block grants (BLM) for economic recovery, and strengthening the capacity of community and government agencies. 16. Government regulations (Peraturan Pemerintah) PP 23/2008 on Participation of International Organizations and Non-Governmental Foreign Institutions in Disaster Management aims to support the strengthening of disaster management efforts, namely, to manage disaster risk reduction and victim’s plight for their recovery and access to livelihood.

17. Role of BNPB. BNBP conducts supervision of the participation of international institutions and foreign NGOs in disaster management through the mechanism of implementation activity reports during the task or at any time when it is requested by BNPB.

18. The following are other initiatives in response to the tsunami that devastated Aceh Province on 26 December 2004:

 Syiah Kuala University established the Mitigation Center through Rector’s Decree No. 215. Syiah Kuala University management merged the two centers into what is now known as the Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center through Rector’s Decree No. 418, 2006.

 Aceh Disaster Information Center (PIBA). PIBA is a web-based information system that provides data and information on the history of various types of natural and non- natural disasters that have occurred in Aceh. It also includes local wisdom and disaster education, and is an umbrella for the Disaster Risk Management Information System (DRMIS), Aceh Disaster Data and Information (DIBA), and Aceh Tsunami Digital Repository (ATDR). 

 Aceh Disaster Data and Information. DIBA is a database of information and statistics on natural disaster events in Aceh. It functions as a decision–supporting medium for disaster risk reduction. 

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 Aceh Tsunami Digital Repository. ATDR is a system designed for electronic documentation that can store and manage data and information about the 2004 Aceh Tsunami as well as other disaster-related data and information. 

 Disaster Risk Management Information System. DRMIS is a system designed as a tool or media provider of accurate periodic disaster information to support decision making. DRMIS addresses several aspects and stages of natural disasters. DRMIS can also be used to monitor the risk profile of natural disasters. 

 Aceh Disaster Risk Map (ADRM). The ADRM is a comprehensive map of the risks from disaster in Aceh showing the potential for casualties and damage across the entire province down to the subdistrict level.  

C.

Pakistan