2.2 Key components of the medicines management system
2.2.4 Documentation
The principal record used in care homes which documents residents’ medicines information
is the Medication Administration Record or MAR. They are usually referred to as a ‘MAR
chart’ and they contain a list of the medicines administered to residents, which identifies
the appropriate medicines for the person giving them and allow them to record that
administration. A chart usually relates to a 28 day cycle for one resident. Once one chart is
completed, a new chart is produced for the next cycle. MAR charts are usually produced in
the pharmacy, when dispensing takes place into both casssette and blister MDS. However,
some homes prefer to use pre‐printed charts and hand‐writing each one individually.
The MAR chart is produced in triplicate in the Boots and Manrex systems (others may be in
duplicate or only on a single sheet). The top copy serves as the medication record in the
home, while the other copies are used for medication review and re‐ordering. They are a
fundamental part of the MDS and serve several important functions.41 As well as recording
the identity of each medication the resident is taking, they also enable the carer to record
each tablet given (or not given) in a readily visible way. They reduce the time spent by
home staff manually writing drug administration charts each month, reduce the potential
for transcription errors normally associated with handwritten documents and are an
important source of information when conducting medication reviews. The MAR sheet
provides an audit trail of all medicines administered to residents as well as what
medications are received by, or returned to, the pharmacy.41,48
There is RPSGB guidance relating to the provision of printed MAR charts for use by
community pharmacists.37 These acknowledge that MAR charts are official records. It also
says that care workers are highly dependent on the content and accuracy of printed MAR
charts. However, the MAR chart is not “the prescription”. MAR charts are purely records of
administration and do not act as a medication order as would occur in a hospital drug
• MARs may be computer generated by the community pharmacy, or can be
handwritten at the home by staff (copied from the dispensing label not the previous
MAR) or in some cases by the GP.
• MARs come in different formats but essentially the contents are the same.
• MARs most commonly last for 28 days, but can cover one calendar month or can be
on‐going for up to 3 months or occasionally even longer.
The MAR often doubles as a medication profile i.e. somewhere where all the medication
that the resident is on is recorded. For example, it should include medication that is self‐
administered or is administered by District Nurse, Community Psychiatric Nurses or GP,
but it sometimes doesn’t. However, there is sometimes a separate medication profile, as
well as other records of medication being administered or taken elsewhere.
When changes occur mid‐cycle these would be recorded on the MAR chart, and if
medicines are changed close to the end of the cycle, after the request has been put in for the
repeats, it is possible that the change may not be carried forward. The home must keep
MARs for at least 3 years, but sometimes they are not easily located. They could be rolled
up and put in a box to await sorting with many other previous MARs, or kept in with the
resident’s clinical or care history.
Repeat prescriptions for residents are usually produced by the GP practice computer. The
Right Hand Side (RHS) of the FP10 prescription may be kept as a record. It consists of a
tear‐off slip on which is printed a complete list of the patient’s repeat medication, with a
tick box next to each item for re‐ordering.
GP clinical record
The GP clinical record is now always computer based, though some practices may still use
paper‐based notes for some information. Because residents are inevitably seen away from
the practice, practices often print out summaries for doctors to take on visits. The doctors
should then subsequently write up their notes on computer when they return to base. A
few homes have a computer link to residents’ clinical records at the practice so
Occasionally the pharmacy may have a computer terminal from which all the prescriptions
are generated.
The records in the home may be kept in different places e.g. communication book, repeat
prescription request slips/book, care plans, clinical records, admission information. The
clinical records may be locked away in the home and sometimes only the GP has a key. • In the GP surgery records may be entirely on computer or partly in paper. Some GPs
may only record repeat prescriptions on the computer, using hard copy
prescriptions on a pad (called ‘FP10s’) for all acute medication and associated
medical notes; this may be in Lloyd George envelopes at the surgery or at the care
home or both.
Other documentation
There is a variety of other types of documentation relevant to the use of medicines in a care
home. There may be:
• Admissions information • Hospital discharge letters
• Treatment Advice Notes from out‐patients • Patient/client profiles
• Care records/nursing notes
• Shared care records (eg anticoagulant book)
Different homes use different terminology for these records and they vary in how much
information is stored in them
All homes have to keep a daily log of care. This may just refer to personal care but can also
include relevant medical information. It should include reference to sleep and bowel
activity where relevant, and this may be pertinent to the medication review. Different
floors/units in the same care home may have different ways of storing information and can