Dynamical Regimes and Example of the 1D Homogeneous Chain

Remember that you have learnt about extra curricular activities in Module 1, Unit 5. In order to advance our discussion, this unit focuses on extra curricular activities that are peculiar to secondary schools. Extra curricular activities are complementary activities in school that enhance the cognitive development of learners. Extra curricular activities that are common in secondary schools include:

1. Sports: these include football, basketball, volleyball, handball, hockey, table tennis, lawn tennis, athletics such as short, medium and long-distance races, shot put, javelin, high jump, long jump, and so on.

2. Club activities: Students of secondary schools do engage in club activities as part of extra curricular activities. Some of the secondary school-based legitimate clubs that students can belong to include: the Boys Scout Movement, Man ‘O’ War Club, Leo club, Girls Guide, Rotaract Club, and the Red Cross.

3. Socio-cultural activities: there are several socio-cultural activities which take place in secondary schools. These are part of a school’s extra curricular activities. Students could belong to different legal and registered

socio-cultural groups in schools. Such socio-socio-cultural activities include Egbe Akomolede Yoruba, Igbo Cultural Dancers, Drama Groups.

4. Literary and Debating Society activities: these are part of extra curricular activities. Students are given topics to speak in support or against some topical issues that are prevalent in the society.

5. Excursion: Secondary school students go on excursion from time to time to substantiate what they have learnt in the classroom. Students studying Government could be taken to the State House of Assembly to observe legislative procedures or court premises to have idea of court processes.

3.2.1 Problems Militating against Effective Extra-Curricular Activities in Secondary Schools

Regular and effective extra-curricular activities are affected by some factors which include the following:

(a) Inadequate sports facilities: inadequate sports facilities limit secondary school students’ participation in sporting activities. The only common and popular game in school is football. Games like hand ball and hockey are becoming history in schools because government does not provide schools with the facilities for playing such games.

(b) Personality of the Principals: Principals are the chief executives in the various secondary schools. Their love for the sports will determine their level of involvement and encouragement that would be given to both staff and students.

(c) Time factor: Apart from 20 or 30 minutes break time, schools hardly have any period set aside to encourage students to participate in sports and club activities. Some teachers even engage students in note-writing during break time.

(d) Shortage of Funds: Most of the facilities and equipment for sports are not in place because of paucity of funds. Government hardly makes separate provision of grant for the execution of extra-curricular activities.

(e) Non-cooperation from parents and the public: Some parents do not encourage their children to participate in extra curricular activities. This might be as a result of lack of moral support or open declaration of their dislike for certain sports activities or club

3.2.2 Towards Improvement of Extra Curricular Activities

We are already aware that academic activity is not complete without some experience in extra curricular activities. Extra or co-curricular activities can be improved upon and encouraged in secondary schools in the following ways:

1. Provision of sports facilities by government

2. Enlightenment of the general public on the importance of co-curricular activities.

3. Special time for extra curricular activities should be provided in the time table.

4. School principals should be role models in extra curricular activities.

5. Philanthropists and clubs in the society should sponsor some extra curricular activities.

6. The school principals need to sensitize and motivate their staff to participate in extra curricular activities.

4.0 Conclusion

The role of both teaching and non-teaching staff is very germane in students’

effective learning. As it is necessary for students to be disciplined, teaching and non-teaching staff are expected to be disciplined as well. This unit explains forms of indiscipline among secondary schools, staff and how to minimize or eradicate them. You have also learnt about the importance of extra curricular activities. Factors militating against effective extra curricular activities were also discussed.

5.0 Summary

In this unit, you have learnt about some acts of indiscipline by staff of secondary schools. Some of them include smoking, sexual harassment, drinking alcohol during school hours, illegal collection of money, and collusion in examination malpractices.

Because of the menace of these acts on school quality, certain suggestions were made.

We also learnt that extra curricular activities are essential in school curriculum but some obstacles hinder their effectiveness. Principals were enjoined to play major role in

Among the solutions suggested were the incorporation of extra curricular activities on the school time table, equipping schools with sports facilities to enhance involvement of students in track and field events.

6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment

What are the factors hindering the effective extra curricular activities in secondary schools?

7.0 References/Further Reading

Adeyemo, P.A. (1975). Principles and Practice of Education. University of Ile-Ife.

Atanda,, A.I and Lameed, W.O (2006). Fundamentals of school Organization and Classroom Management. Ibadan: Awe Industrial Printers.

ANSWER TMA

(a) Inadequate sports facilities (b) Personality of the Principals (c) Time factor

(d) Shortage of Funds

(e) Non-cooperation from parents and the public

MODULE 3: PECULIAR ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS IN TERTIARY