• No results found

Educational Recommendations

Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations

5.2 Educational Recommendations

Based on our experiences speaking at McNeil’s four adopted schools, there are several recommendations we can make to continue and improve composting education in the community of Las Piedras, Puerto Rico. Although it would be ideal to eventually expand this education program to all students, we believe it would be most beneficial to start with the students who have an interest in environmental issues. McNeil has sponsored a Recycling Team at each school where interested students join this club to help promote recycling and environmental efforts. Of the students we spoke to, these were the ones who were the most attentive and asked questions. It will be easier to encourage these students to begin composting. The composting education should be expanded to the whole school only after there is some success in educating and

encouraging the Recycling Team. Perhaps the Recycling Team could be renamed the

“Earth Team” so that it includes recycling, composting and potentially other activities.

The next recommendation is to complete all four lesson plans in order. They were designed to build upon each other; therefore if one lesson is omitted the curriculum

would be incomplete. Following the lesson sequence ensures that composting is not just a temporary subject, but an ongoing topic.

Lastly, when composting education is eventually expanded to include other students, some type of motivation is needed to encourage the students to participate.

Perhaps there could be a contest at each school and a prize for the class that creates the most successful compost pile. This would appeal to the students’ sense of competition and give them a reason to compost. A similar contest was run with the recycling program, the classroom that collected the most recyclable materials was rewarded.

Hopefully by educating the students and promoting composting the students will go home and start compost piles with their families.

An additional recommendation is to educate employees as well as plant visitors about McNeil’s composting project. A good way to do this is to post an educational display at the composting site. This will ensure that anyone who visits the site will be able to look at a diagram and better understand the process. Once McNeil has made their final decisions about the project and have begun implementation, we suggest that they create and post an educational diagram on-site. We created a sample diagram that can be found in Appendix H.

We also advocate that McNeil attempts to make knowledge of their composting project public. They have already done this to some extent. For example, Gloria Picò, a composting expert and representative from the Department of Agriculture, learned of our project from the local schools and came to visit McNeil’s compost site. She was

impressed by our efforts and McNeil’s environmental initiatives. She expressed that McNeil was an environmental leader and that their positive example will encourage many companies in the area to start compost sites of their own. Therefore, by publicizing their efforts, McNeil is helping to educate members of the corporate world.

We began the education process by reaching out to a small number of students at local schools. However, if our recommendations are followed, this educational

movement will expand to include other students, employees, visitors and other

companies. The expansion of the educational program will help to achieve our goal of improving the community by not only introducing composting as a waste management technique, but also encouraging it as a widespread practice.

References

Abuyuan, Hawken, Newkirk, and Williams. (1999). Waste Equals Food: Developing a Sustainable Agriculture Support Cluster for a Proposed Resource Recovery Park in Puerto Rico. Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Bulletin.

106. 303-349.

Ackerman, Frank. (1997). Why do we recycle: markets, values, and public policy.

Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Allenby, Braden R. (1999). Industrial Ecology: Policy, Framework, and Implementation.

Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.

Cairncross, Frances. (1995). Green Inc. Washington D.C.: Island Press Caribbean, Puerto Rico. Retrieved on March 29, 2005 from:

http://www.countriesquest.com/Caribbean/Puerto_rico.htm

Caribbean Recycling Foundation, (2001). Solid waste statistics for Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. Retrieved January 21, 2005. From:

http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/crf/statisti.htm

Cheremisinoff, N. P. (2003). Handbook of Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization Technologies. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Cornell University. (2002). Composting in Schools. Retrieved March 16, 2005. From:

http://compost.css.cornell.edu/schools.html

Courtney, J. Dasso, R. Holland, J. Mier, D. (2004). Evaluation of Puerto Rico’s Current Recycling Program. Puerto Rico: Project Center D04.

Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES). (2005). Retrieved on February 5, 2005. From: http://www.ceres.org

CompostCalc [Computer Software]. (2004). Bainbridge Island, WA: Green Mountain Technologies.

CompostMan Pro. (2001). Renewable Carbon Management. Retrieved April 11, 2005, From: http://www.composter.com/

Deschenes, P.J, and Chertow, Marian. (2004). An Island Approach to Industrial

Ecology: Towards Sustainability in the Island Context. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 47(2), 201-217.

Earth Tub. (2004). Green Mountain Technologies. Retrieved March 23, 2005, From: http://www.gmt-organic.com/

Environmental Defense. (2000). Report of the Starbucks Coffee Company/ Alliance for Environmental Innovation Joint Task Force. Retrieved on January 30, 2005.

From: http://www.environmentaldefense.org/documents/523_starbucks.pdf Environmental Protection Agency. (2003). Municipal Solid Waste in the United States:

2001 Facts and Figures. (Report No. EPA530-R-03-011). Retrieved on January 15, 2005. From: http://www.epa.gov

Environmental Protection Agency. (2000). Biosolids Technology Fact Sheet: Belt Filter Press. Retrieved April 18, 2005, from

http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/belt_filter.pdf

Environmental Protection Agency. (2000). Biosolids Technology Fact Sheet: Centrifuge Thickening and Dewatering. Retrieved April 14, 2005, from

http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/centrifuge_thickening.pdf

Epstein, Elion. (1997). The Science of Composting. Technomie Publishing Company, Inc. Lancaster, PA.

Feinbaum, Robert. (1995). Gauging Attitudes towards Source Separation. [Electronic Version] BioCycle, 36(7), 69-72.

Food Scrap Management. (2004). California Integrated Waste Management Board.

Retrieved April 11, 2005, From:

http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/FoodWaste/Compost/InVessel2.htm

Frequently Asked Questions. (2005). On Site Power Systems. Retrieved April 22, 2005, From: http://www.onsitepowersystems.com/

Garland, G. A. Grist, T. A. (1995). The Compost Story: From Soil Enrichment to Pollution Remediation. [Electronic Version] BioCycle, 36 (10).

Glenn, J. (1999). The State of Garbage in America. [Electronic Version] BioCycle, 40(4).

Golueke, Clarence G. (1977). Biological Reclamation of Solid Wastes. Emmaus, Pennsylvania: Rodale Press.

Golueke, Clarence G. (1989). Composting Rationale and Activity. The Biocycle guide to Composting Municipal Wastes. Emmaus, Pennsylvania: The JG Press Inc.

Gourlay, K. A. (1992). World of Waste: Dilemmas of Industrial Development. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Zed Books Ltd.

Heimert, Chrystie. (2004). Turn it Up to Cool it Down. Retrieved on January 29, 2005.

From:

http://www.benjerry.com/our_company/press_center/press/thermoacoustics.html International Source Book On Environmentally Sound Technologies for Wastewater and

Stormwater Management. (2000). United Nations Environment Programme.

Retrieved April 14, 2005, from

http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/TechPublications/TechPub-15/main_index.asp

Institute for Local Self-Reliance. (1991). Beyond 40 percent: record-setting recycling and composting programs. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Lauzon, Robin. (1999). I Scream, You Scream, We all Scream for ECO-Pints - Ben and Jerry's Homemade Inc. introduces environmentally friendly carton. Retrieved on January 30, 2005. From:

http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1279/is_1999_August/ai_55226116 McNeil Consumer Healthcare. (2004).Environmental Community Outreach Program. Las

Piedras, Puerto Rico.

McNeil Consumer Healthcare. (2004). Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Las Piedras, Puerto Rico.

Midwest bio-systems, Inc. Aeromaster Composting Equipment. (2005) Retrieved on March 30, 2005 from:

http://www.aeromasterequipment.com/ACS/composting_equipment.html

Miranda, M. L. (2005). Paradise recovered: energy production and waste management in island environments. [Electronic Version] Energy Policy, 33, 1691-1702.

Organic In-Vessel Composters. (2005). B W organics. Retrieved April 11, 2005, From: http://www.neto.com/bworgani/top.htm

Porter, Richard. (2002). The Economics of Waste. Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future.

GreenBiz.com. (2005). Starbucks Wins Gold for Farmer-Friendly C.A.F.E. Initiative.

Retrieve on January 27, 2005. From:

http://www.greenbiz.com/news/news_third.cfm?NewsID=27626

Rynk, Robert. (1992). On-farm composting. Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service, Cooperative Extension. Ithaca, New York: Northeast Regional Agriculture Engineering Service.

Rynk, Robert. (2003). What it Takes for an Odor Turnaround at a Composting Site.

[ElectronicVersion] BioCycle, 44 (8), 40-44.

Trautmann, Nancy M. (2002). The Science and Engineering of Composting. Cornell Waste Management Institute. Retrieved on January 16th 2004. From:

http://compost.css.cornell.edu/science.html

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Municipal Technology Branch.

(2002). Biosolids Technology Fact Sheet. Retrieved on January 24, 2005. From:

http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/combioman.pdf

World Environment Center (WEC). (2005). WEC Gold Medal for International Corporate Achievement in Sustainable Development. Retrieved on February 5, 2005. From: www.wec.org/wecgm.htm

Wright Tunnel. (2005). Wright Environmental Management. Retrieved April 11, 2005, From: http://www.wrightenvironmental.com/

Related documents